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Wall Crossing and an Entropy Enigma

Wall Crossing and an Entropy Enigma . Strings 2007, Madrid, June 28. Work done with Frederik Denef hep-th/0702146 arXiv:0705.2564. and with Emanuel Diaconescu arXiv:0706.3193. TexPoint fonts used in EMF: A A A A A A A A A A A A. Related References: . Outline. 1. Setting the Scene

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Wall Crossing and an Entropy Enigma

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  1. Wall Crossing and an Entropy Enigma Strings 2007, Madrid, June 28 Work done with Frederik Denef hep-th/0702146 arXiv:0705.2564 and with Emanuel Diaconescu arXiv:0706.3193 TexPoint fonts used in EMF: AAAAAAAAAAAA

  2. Related References:

  3. Outline 1. Setting the Scene 2. Wall-Crossing Formula 3. Mathematical Applications 4. D6-D2-D0 Partition Functions – 5. Derivation of OSV 6. The Entropy Enigma 7. A Nonperturbative ? 8. A Concluding Riddle

  4. Setting the Scene Setting: Type IIA strings on a compact Calabi-Yau 3-fold X. BPS States in the d=4, N=2 SUGRA are wrapped D6-D4-D2-D0 branes in X They carry RR charge But existence of states also depends on boundary conditions on VM scalars:

  5. Space of BPS States Is finite dimensional and depends on (Seiberg & Witten) These state spaces are interesting! Accounts for black hole entropy (Strominger & Vafa; Maldacena, Strominger, Witten) Plays a key role in the OSV conjecture Plays a key role in quantum corrections to effective Sugra Possibly carry algebraic structures generalizing GKM (Harvey & Moore) Possibly categorify knot invariants (Gukov, Vafa, et. al. )

  6. N=2 Central Charges Duality invariant product of electric+magnetic charges

  7. Wall-Crossing Formula Marginal Stability Wall: tms t- t+

  8. Remarks – I

  9. Remarks - II D-brane moduli space changes topology by blowing-down and blowing-up projective spaces. Macroscopic 2-centered solutions Microscopic Quiver Quantum Mechanics

  10. Macro-proof: Denef Multicenter Solutions Micro-Proof : Quiver Quantum Mechanics (Denef, QQHHH):

  11. Nonprimitive Wall-Crossing Denef’s Halos: FOCK SPACE Gives products such as McMahon, similar to DT, GV infinite products

  12. Mathematical Tests/Applications (with Emanuel Diaconescu) D4 wraps rigid surface: with holomorphic bundle Change of J will induce decay Hodge Polynomial of Reproduces nontrivial results of Gottsche, Yoshioka Makes new math predictions Moduli of D4 branes is NOT the moduli of coherent sheaves!

  13. D6-D2-D0 PartitionFunctions Stable UNSTABLE z Marginal Stability Wall:

  14. Relation to Donaldson-Thomas

  15. Core of the Matter z ONLY CORE STATES HALOS+ CORES HALOS+ CORES

  16. Wall crossing in B Problematic OSV Still has wall-crossing as a function of J !! Diaconescu-Moore Denef-Van den Bleeken

  17. A Refined OSV Formula Has no wall-crossing. In fact is B-independent

  18. Polar States For D4-D2-D0 Charge Define: (slightly lying here) Then is modular U-duality implies Black hole degeneracies (Fareytail story)

  19. Microscopic Polar States X S

  20. D6 Macroscopic Polar States Attractor formula Polar states are realized as Denef’s multi-centered solutions Extreme Polar States: D6

  21. Sketch of Derivation of OSV

  22. Limitations on the Derivation The derivation crucially depends on using only the extreme polar states the derivation is only valid at LARGE coupling: These states can have large entropy!

  23. 2-Centered Solution Dominates the Entropy! Entropy Enigma

  24. Magical Cancellations? Contradicts OSV… … and even black hole dominance of the asymptotic degeneracy of states! Closely related question: • k=3 indicates the entropy enigma, k=2 suggests there are magical cancellations… • Huang,Klemm,Marino,Tavanfar find tentative evidence for k=2, and not k=3! • The issue is open and important.

  25. Degeneracy Dichotomy Either there are no magical cancellations, and we have the entropy enigma, or, there, are magical cancellations. In that case we must worry about • Physically, the dimension determines the entropy. • All successful microstate entropy computations have used the index. • We expect in the full theory dimension=index. ``landscape of metastable states’’

  26. Remark on the nonperturbative topological string • One interesting point of OSV was the promise of a nonperturbative • definition of the topological string. • The Dondaldson-Thomas product formula natrually splits as a spin • zero and positive spin factor:

  27. Concluding Riddle: Why did the BPS state cross the wall? • We want to understand black hole entropy • We found lots of ``irrelevant’’ stuff – Halos, Multi-Centered • Core states, Swing States, … • Single-centered black holes always cross the wall. • Multi-centered solutions might or might not –but the • multicentered ``scaling solutions’’ which cross the wall • have macroscopic entropy.) • So we really want to count the states which cross the wall… • So we need an answer to our riddle at the microscopic level!!

  28. Related References:

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