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Ecology Review

This review explores the concept of ecological niches, defined as the total way of life of a species within an ecosystem. We examine fundamental vs. realized niches, the dynamics of space negotiation for generalist and specialist species, and the Competitive Exclusion Principle, which explains why species cannot occupy the same niche. Additionally, we discuss the process of niche evolution through resource partitioning and character displacement, illustrating these concepts with examples such as Darwin's Galapagos finches and keystone species in Yellowstone Park.

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Ecology Review

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  1. Ecology Review Highlights

  2. According to our text niche is defined as: “The total way of life or role of a species in an ecosystem” • What does this include?

  3. What are fundamental niches?

  4. How does a fundamental niche compare to a realized niche?

  5. How does this “negotiating for space” vary for generalist species versus specialist species?

  6. Why CAN’T they overlap? The Competitive Exclusion Principle

  7. How is this accomplished? • One species will have a competitive edge, and will gain a larger share of resources. • Other species will migrate to a new area, or become extinct. • Process of niche evolution is called resourcepartitioning. (Behavior separation that allows subpopulations of a single species to “share”) • Character displacement over TIME allows subpopulations to diverge into separate species.

  8. Darwin’s Galapagos finches Character Displacement

  9. More character displacement Natural Selection

  10. What is a keystone species?

  11. In Yellowstone Park…

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