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This study investigates the occurrence and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFl) in patients with diabetes mellitus following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). An analysis of 2,667 AMI patients showed that 14.5% experienced AF/AFl, with 31.5% of these also having diabetes. The presence of AF/AFl was associated with increased in-hospital mortality, particularly in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). These findings highlight the need for careful monitoring and management of these patients.
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Prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation/flutter following acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitusM.Gashi,E.Pllana,D.Kocinaj,S.Rexhepi University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtine
Introduction_______________________________________ • Any type of infarct can lead to an abnormal conduction interface which may lead to re-entry rhythm mechanism, and • any infarct can lead to impaired LV filling, leading to acute atrial enlargement causing atrial arrhythmias including AF. __________________________________________ Sakata K,Kurihara H,Iwamori K et al. Clinical and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction Am.J Cardiol. 1997; 80: 1522-1527. Pizzeti F, Turrazza FM, Franzosi MG et al. on behalf of the GISSI-3 investigators.Incidence and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction:the GISSI-3 data Heart 2001; 86:527-532.
Introduction_______________________________________ • AF is observed in up to 20% of AMI patients complicating AMI. • AF seen during AMI is reported to be associated with longer hospitalization, higher in-hospital and long term mortality, and • An increased incidence of stroke compared with the patient without AF ________________________________________ Rather Soberer AK,Weinfurt KP et al.Acute myocardial Infarction complicated by atrial fibrillation in the elderly.Prevalence and outcames.Circulation 2000;101: 969-974
Introduction_______________________________________ • Despite its frequent occurrence the prognostic significance of AF complicating AMI remains controversial. • Although some studies have identified increased in-hospital and long term mortality associated with AF, • Others have found no independent effect. ______________________________ Sakata K,Kurihara H,Iwamori K et al. Clinical and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction Am.J Cardiol. 1997; 80: 1522-1527.
Materials and Methods_______________________________________ • We evaluated 2667 pts treated for acute myocardial infarction from 2003-2008 in our CCU • We limited our analysis to patients presenting with the confirmed AMI (2 of the following 3 criteria): - chest pain during the prior 48 hours - two fold elevation in CK (elevation CK-MB level > 6% - diagnostic ECG changes
Study end points_______________________________________ • The aims of our study were to assess the occurrence of AF/F in a population of patients during AMI with diabetes mellitus during hospitalization, and • To determine the prognostic impact of AF on in hospital mortality compared to the patients with sinus rhythm.
Materials and Methods_______________________________________ • The diagnosis of onset AF was based on a patient's follow-up ECG at the time of hospitalization and last recording before the patient was discharged from the clinic or died. • During the hospitalization all patients were examined by cardiologist.
Materials and Methods_______________________________________ The following information was recorded: - medical history - physical examination - Killip classification - ECG - echocardiography - resting blood pressure - heart rate and - blood samples Since this was part of routine clinical practice in the CCU, patients were not asked to provide written consent for collecting off clinical data
Results_______________________________________ • During the inclusion period a total of 2667 pts with AMI were analyzed. • Of these, 386 pts (14.5%) suffered from AF/F. • From 386 pts with AF/F 117 pts (31.5%) were with diabetes mellitus.
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the 2667 patients with AMI_______________________________________________________________ SR group AF/F group p< 2281 (85.5%) 386 (14.5%) value
Results____________________________ • In patients with diabetes mellitus and low LVEF presence of AF/F was associated with significant increase in hospital mortality ( HR 1.45; CI 1.05-2.06; p=0.02) compared to the patients with SR. • Sustained AF during hospitalization was associated with the risk of dying, relative risk=1.6 (95% CI 1.4-1.9).
Discussion_______________________________ • The main result of this study is that the occurrence of AF during AMI in patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality. • The increased mortality appeared to be higher in patients with severe LV systolic dysfunction.
Discussion_______________________________ The limitations of this study are: • All the AF patients were pooled together as a single category without classification and pooling AF and atrial flutter together. • There are no data of AF suppressed with ACE, and with class III anti-arrhythmic drugs in post AMI during hospitalization
Conclusion_______________________________ • AF and atrial flutter often occurs during AMI in patients with diabetes mellitus, and • Our analyses demonstrated that AF and atrial flutter were an independent predictor of an increased in hospital mortality.
