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Environmental Emergencies and the Force d’Intervention Rapide

Environmental Emergencies and the Force d’Intervention Rapide Presentation 12 November 2007, Lyon, France. Overview of presentation. Part 1 Background to FIR-OCHA Collaboration Why coordinate? Why address environment? Questions Part 2

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Environmental Emergencies and the Force d’Intervention Rapide

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  1. Environmental Emergencies and the Force d’Intervention Rapide Presentation 12 November 2007, Lyon, France

  2. Overview of presentation • Part 1 • Background to FIR-OCHA Collaboration • Why coordinate? Why address environment? • Questions • Part 2 • Case example – Pakistan – to show UNDAC system, role of environment in emergencies • Recap: Environment in disasters • Questions • Part 3 • Case example

  3. Background to OCHA-FIR collaboration • OCHA:principal UN humanitarian body. Plays the leading role in coordination/ management of disaster response in the UN system • FIR: can offer specialized expertise to identify and address environmental impacts of disasters • Draft agreement: FIR experts would be deployed through OCHA to certain disasters.

  4. Sudden-onset disasters: why coordinate? • Sudden, overwhelming needs • Damaged infrastructure & communications • Chaotic environment • Casualties & stress amongst local officials • Influx of international assistance • Pressure of media attention • Delay in mobilizing longer-term support

  5. UN Humanitarian Coordinator International & UN humanitarian Local agencies NGOs UNHCR The RED CROSS Movement Who is Being Coordinated UN ERC (OCHA)

  6. Private NGOs PNS’ NGOs NGOs NGOs MIL Relief Coordination – The Reality… OCHA New York UN SG Donor Govt’s OCHA ERC WFP Rome UNCEF Humanitarian Coordinator UNDP UNCS UNHCR IFRC USAID/ DART UNDAC CMOC OSOCC WFP EMOPS Ambassador

  7. UNDAC: a key coordination tool • Disaster response tool of the UN Emergency Relief Coordinator • Team of rapidly deployable international emergency management experts • Stand-by capacity available worldwide • Immediate deployment (12 - 24 hours) • Deployed for approx. 3 weeks • Self-sufficient • A neutral, international asset, provided free of cost Concept Components Membership Member Countries Team Members OCHA’s Role Deployment Equipment Training Statistics

  8. The UNDAC Concept • Assists UN & national authorities, under leadership of UN Humanitarian/ Resident Coordinator • Provides on-site coordination of incoming international relief & international needs for early and qualified information during the first phase of a sudden-onset emergency Concept Components Membership Member Countries Team Members OCHA’s Role Deployment Equipment Training Statistics

  9. Explosions Volcanoes Environmental Drought Forest fires Tsunamis Response Prep. Complex Emerg. Hurricanes Earthquakes Floods 160 UNDAC missions to more than 80 countries since 1993 0n average, one UNDAC mission per month UNDAC Deployment Statistics 200 members from 63 countries &19 international organisations 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

  10. UNDAC Emergency Response MissionsEnvironmental & Man-made Emergencies • Côte d’Ivoire (Toxic Waste Dumping, 2006) • Djibouti (Toxic Spill, 2002) • Hungary (Toxic Spill, 2000) (Cyanide Spill, 2000) • Indonesia (Cracked Gas Well, 2006) • Kenya (Nairobi Bomb Explosion, 1998) • Nigeria (Ammunitions Depot Explosion, 2002) • Romania (Toxic Spill, 2000) (Cyanide Spill, 2000) • Syrian Arab Republic (Dam Collapse, 2002) • Yugoslavia (Cyanide Spill, 2000)

  11. UNDAC Emergency Response Missions Many emergency response missions include: • an UNDAC-trained environmental expert (performing UNDAC functions as well as providing environmental expertise) • + associate experts (non-UNDAC trained – providing environmental expertise)

  12. Practical, organized Team player, team building skills Flexible, able to assume a variety of functions Strong communication/ interpersonal skills Physically & mentally fit Able to cope with hardship/chaos Able to drive, swim Basic first aid Culturally aware Leadership skills/able to assume authority Negotiation skills Chairing meetings Briefings, presentations, public info Report writing, analysis Info mgmt Security/CMCoord IT, radio/telecoms proficient Logistics, operational support Language skills – English + … UNDAC team member skills

  13. Obligations of UNDAC Team Members • Ensure readiness for missions • Vaccinations • Travel documents • Personal equipment • Work/family commitments • Respond to UNDAC mobilization messages • Be available for UNDAC missions, at least once per year • Participate in refresher & other courses to update skills

  14. UNDAC Methodology • Predefined methods for establishing • Coordination structures • Organizing and facilitating assessments • Information management • UNDAC Handbook • revised & updated to take account of lessons learned/new developments • Rapid Alert & Deployment Procedures • SMS + e-mail/fax • 24 hour travel booking • Swiss plane if needed • Despatch within 24 hours of request

  15. UNDAC Equipment UNDAC Personal Equipment • Clothing (jacket, vest, cap, shirts, waterproofs, etc.) • Living equipment (sleeping bag/roll mat, mosquito net, stove, water purification bottle, etc.) • First Aid/dust protection mask, etc. OCHA Mission Equipment • Office kit (laptop, printer, accessories) • Telecoms (VHF radio, satphones) • Assessment kit (GPS, camera) • OSOCC (On-Site Operations Coordination Centre) – full set office (inc. wireless LAN), telecoms, assessment equipment + flags, tent, etc.

  16. Disasters: why environment? • Disasters can have deadly environmental impacts: • Technological disasters (refineries, factories) • Natural disasters with secondary impacts: earthquake that destorys a factory, causes a spill • Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit • Mobilizes/coordinates international assistance: is there acute environmental impact? If yes: mobilize resources to address it. • OFTEN WORKS THROUGH UNDAC TEAMS

  17. END OF PART 1 • QUESTIONS BEFORE MOVING TO CASE EXAMPLE?

  18. UNDAC Mission to Pakistan Earthquake October 2005

  19. Sequence of Events Saturday 8 Oct 2005 (Geneva time) • O550 hrs (Geneva time) – Earthquake • 0825 hrs - UNDAC Alert sent, team composed, put on standby • 1800 hrs - Pakistan Govt requested international assistance • 2345 hrs - UNDAC team departed by Swiss provided aircraft from Geneva • TWO ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERTS ON UNDAC TEAM Sunday 9 Oct (local time) • 0930 – UNDAC Team arrives Islamabad, ahead of all but 2 USAR teams • 1030 – Airport Reception Centre established by UNDAC • 1600 – UNDAC advance party sent to Muzaffarabad to establish OSOCC for international USAR teams. • In Islamabad, UNDAC meet Govt, UN RC, UN Country team, decided on Flash Appeal • International USAR teams start arriving Islamabad • Pakistan Army using helicopters to deliver relief

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  21. Sequence of Events 2 Monday 10 Oct • OSOCC at Muzaffarabad fully functional • USAR operations, Islamabad & Muzaffarabad • UN Flash Appeal sent to Geneva by 2100 hrs Tuesday 11 Oct • UN Emergency Response Coordination Centre established in Islamabad by UNDAC for UN • UN RC & UNDAC team leader visit Muzaffarabad • International USAR teams continue to arrive • Roads not cleared – all rescue and relief operations by helicopter • Pakistan Army starts move of two Divisions into NWFP and Kashmir Wednesday 11 Oct • USAR Phase, casualty evacuation and relief continue • Condoleeza Rice visits Islamabad

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  23. Sequence of Events 3 Thursday 12 Oct • UN ERC arrives – visits Muzaffarabad • USAR, casualty evacuation and relief continue • UN ERC meets Govt of Pakistan • Maj Gen Farooq Ahmed Khan appointed Federal Relief Commissioner • ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERTS IDENTIFY WASTE, MEDICAL WASTE, SLOPE INSTABILITY ISSUES, NOTIFY JOINT UNIT. JOINT UNIT CONTACTS DONORS TO IDENTIFY SPECIALIZED EXPERTS. Friday 13 Oct • UN ERC meets President Musharraf • One month visa on arrival granted, improved liaision with military promised • Road access on main roads improves • International USAR teams start to withdraw • Casualty evacuation continues, relief effort stepped up • UNDAC Airport Reception Centre converted into USAR Departure Centre

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  25. Sequence of Events 4 Saturday 15 Oct • Govt agrees to locate Liaision Officer in UN Emergency Centre • UN decides to establish second humanitarian hub at Mansehra • Pakistan Air Force MI – 17 helicopter on relief mission crashes near Bagh • Bad weather does not permit relief operations • SRSA camp arrives (90 person) – to be located at Muzaffarabad Sunday 16 Oct • Bad weather continues • UNDAC team deploys to Mansehra • Additional UNDAC members deployed to establish additional humanitarian hub at Bagh • JOINT UNIT BEGINS TO DEPLOY ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERT AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE TO PROVIDE SUPPORT TO NATIONAL AUTHORITIES

  26. Environment in Pakistan

  27. Summary of FIR and environment • What is needed from experts: • Rapid identifcation of acute, life-threatening issues – talk to national authorities! • Tell the Joint Unit quickly what is needed. • Help national authorities with request for assistance. • No issues is still OK. • Joint Unit support • ERI • Contacts and assistance • Backstopping

  28. End of Part 2 • Questions before moving to case examples?

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