Lesson 1

1. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? Lesson 1 Warm-up Activities (15’) Reading (25’) Rhetoric (28’) Classroom Tests (20’) Assignments (2’) Intensive Language Practice (90’)

2. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 1.Warm-up Activities 1.1 Student report 1.2 Dictation (1)Words: available, democratic, humanity, pursuit (2)Expressions: to tend to hold, to see to it, to be exposed to, to have no business being in college (3) Quotes

3. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 1.Warm-up activities1.2 Dictation (3) Quotes: We must view young people not as empty bottles to be filled, but as candles to be lit. ---Robert H. Shaffer Man’s mind, once stretched by a new idea, never regains its original dimension. ---Oliver Wendell Holmes

4. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Guiding questions 2.3 Discussion questions 2.4 Structural analysis 2.5 Précis

5. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Author 2.1.2 Aristotle, Chaucer, Bach 2.1.3 Dante, Homer, La Rochefoucauld 2.1.4 Virgil, Shakespeare 2.1.5 Neanderthal

6. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Author John Ciardi American poet, editor, critic, author of books for children, nonfiction writer, and translator (of Dante’s TheDivine Comedy: “The Inferno”, “The Purgatorio”, and “The Paradiso”).

7. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Author Author ’s quotes • “The day will happen • whether or not you get up.” • “You do not have to suffer • to be a poet. Adolescence is • enough suffering for anyone.” • “A university is what a college • becomes when the faculty • loses interest in students.”

8. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.1.2 Aristotle, Chaucer, Bach Aristotle One of the greatest thinkers of all time, an ancient Greek philosopher. His work in the natural and social sciences greatly influenced virtually every area of modern thinking. Aristotle threw himself wholeheartedly into Plato’s pursuit of truth and goodness. Plato was soon calling him the “mind of the school”. In later years he renounced some of Plato’s theories and went far beyond him in breadth of knowledge.

9. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.1.2 Aristotle, Chaucer, Bach In the early Middle Ages the only works of his known in Western Europe were parts of his writings on logic. They became the basis of one of the three subjects of the medieval trivium (三学科)—logic, grammar, and rhetoric. Early in the 13th century other books reached the West. Some came from Constantinople; others were brought by the Arabs to Spain. Medieval scholars translated them into Latin.

10. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.1.2 Aristotle, Chaucer, Bach The best known of Aristotle’s writings that have been preserved are Organon (工具论) (treatises on logic), Rhetoric, Poetics, History of Animals, Metaphysics (玄学), De Anima (on psychology), Nicomachean Ethics, Politics and Constitution of Athens.

11. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.1.2 Aristotle, Chaucer, Bach • Chaucer • The Father of the English Language as well as the Morning Star of Song, one of the three or four greatest English poets. • Playfulness of mood and • simplicity of expression. • Most famous work was the • Canterbury Tales.

12. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.1.2 Aristotle, Chaucer,Bach Bach Bach is considered by many to have been the greatest composer in the history of western music. Bach's main achievement lies in his synthesis and advanced development of the primary contrapuntal idiom of the late Baroque, and in the basic tunefullness of his thematic material. Bach is also known for the numerical symbolism and mathematical exactitude which many people have found in his music—for this, he is often regarded as one of the pinnacle geniuses of western civilization.

13. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.1.3 Dante, Homer, La Rochefoucauld • Dante • One of the greatest poets in the history of world literature, Italian writer Alighieri Dante composed poetry influenced by classical and Christian tradition. • Dante’s greatest work—epic poem: The Divine Comedy, 1802. It includes three sections: • the “Inferno” (Hell), in which the great classical poet Virgil leads Dante on a trip through hell; • the “Purgatorio” (Purgatory), in which Virgil leads Dante up the mountain of purification; and • the “Paradiso” (Paradise), in which Dante travels through heaven.

14. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.1.3 Dante, Homer, La Rochefoucauld Homer Homer, name traditionally assigned to the author of TheIliad and TheOdyssey, the two major epics of Greek antiquity. The Iliad The Odyssey

15. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.1.3 Dante, Homer, La Rochefoucauld La Rochefoucauld The literary reputation of La Rochefoucauld rests on one book: Maxims, published in 1665. These moral reflections and maxims are a collection of cynical epigrams, or short sayings, about human nature—a nature that the author felt is dominated by self-interest. • “We seldom find such sensible men as those who agree with us.” • “Virtues are lost in self-interest as rivers are lost in the sea.” • “The surest way to be deceived is to think oneself cleverer • than the others.” • “We always like those who admire us; we do not always • like those whom we admire.”

16. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.1.4 Virgil, Shakespeare • Virgil • The greatest of the ancient Roman poets • His works: • “Eclogues” (牧歌)—pastoral poems • the “Georgics” (田园诗)—a more serious work on the art of farming and the charms of country life (This established his fame as the foremost poet of his age.) • his great epic, the “Aeneid” (叙事诗), which exercised a tremendous influence upon Latin and later Christian literature

17. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction 2.1.4 Virgil, Shakespeare Shakespeare English playwright and poet whose body of works is considered the greatest in English literature. His plays, many of which were performed at the Globe Theatre in London, include historical works, such as Richard II, comedies, including Much Ado About Nothing (庸人自扰),The Merchant of Venice,Twelfth Night, and As You Like It, and tragedies, such as Romeo and Juliet,Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear. He also composed 154 sonnets.

18. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.1 Introduction2.1.5 Neanderthal The Neanderthal was a species of genus Homo that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia from about 230,000 to 29,000 years ago (the Middle Paleolithic and Lower Paleolithic, in the Pleistocene epoch). Neanderthals were adapted to cold, as shown by their larger brains, short but robust builds and large nose. These traits are promoted by natural selection in cold climates, and are also observed in modern sub-arctic populations. Their brains were roughly 10 percent larger than those of modern humans. On average, Neanderthals stood about 1.65m tall and were very muscular, comparable to modern weightlifters.

19. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.2 Guiding questions • Why did the professor draw a line between training and education? In what way are they different? • Are university only for job training according to the professor? What else should a student strive for in a university?

20. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.3 Discussion questions 1)Why did the professor talk about how people should spend the 24 hours in a day? Do you think it was a good argument? 2)How did the professor try to prove the importance of book-reading? 3)How would you respond if your brother or sister or your best friend declares that he/she is only interested in learning some job skill and therefore has no use for literature, politics, philosophy, history, art, music, etc.?

21. Structure of the text Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.4 Structural analysis The writer describes his encounter with one of his students. Part 1 (Paras. ): Part 2 (Paras. ): 1-8 The author restates what he still believes to be the purpose of a university: putting its students in touch with the best civilizations the human race has created. 9-14

22. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 2. Reading 2.5 Précis • Retelling of the whole text

23. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3. Rhetoric 3.1 Word study 3.2 Phrases and expressions 3.3 Word building 3.4 Grammar 3.5 Sentence paraphrase

24. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study Word list: • 1) accomplishment • 2) assume • 3) certify • 4) expose • 5) faculty 6) generate 7) nevertheless 8) rear 9) species 10) suffice

25. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study 1) accomplishment • n. sth. completed successfully; an achievement • Examples: • a girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘 • Among her accomplishments were • sewing, cooking, playing the piano and dancing.

26. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study accomplish • v. to succeed indoing; to reach the end of • Example: • accomplish one’s object 达到目的 • accomplish one’s mission 完成使命 • He can accomplish more in a day than any • other boy in his class.

27. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study Word formation n. assumption a. assumptive • 2) assume • v.a.to take for granted; to suppose • b.to take upon oneself • Examples: • They had assumed that prices would rise • these days, but in fact they were wrong. • assume responsibilities • assume another’s debts

28. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study Word formation 3) certify • v. to confirm formally as true, accurate, or genuine n. certification a. certified 有书 面证明的，已证 实的 • Examples: • The accounts were certified (as) correct. • He was certified (as) insane. • certified accountant 注册会计师

29. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study 4) expose • v.a. to subject or allow to be subjected to an action or an influence 使受影响 • b. to subject (a photographic film, for example) to the action of light 使曝光 • c. to make known (sth. discreditable); to reveal (the guilt or wrongdoing of) 揭发（有损信誉的事）；揭露（罪恶或错误的行为）

30. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study • Examples: • The parents exposed their children to classicalmusic at home. • This film has been exposed. • The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve.

31. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study 5) faculty n. a.any of the powers of the body or mind b. department or group of related departments in a university c.the whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in the whole university • Examples: • the faculty of the sight; mental faculties • the Faculty of Law • The entire faculty of the university will attend • the meeting.

32. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study • cf. • staff n. • a. group of assistants working together in a business, etc. responsible to a manager or a person in authority • b. those people doing administrative work • Examples: • the hotelstaff, the shopstaff • We need morestaffin the office. • I have astaffof ten. • a head teacher and herstaff校长及全体教工 • The schoolstaffare expected to supervise school meals.

33. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study Word formation 6) generate n. generation n. generator a. generative • v. to produce as a result of a chemical or physical process • Examples: • a generating station 发电厂，发电站 • When coal burns, it generates heat. • generative reproduction 有性繁殖

34. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study 7) nevertheless • adv. in spite of that, however • Examples: • She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working. • We are going nevertheless we shall return.

35. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study 8) rear • v. a. to care for (children or a child) during the early stages of life; to bring up • b. to tend (growing plants or animals) • c. to rise high in the air; to tower • n. a hind part 后面，后边；后边的部分 • Examples: • to rear a child • to rear poultry • to rear a monument to a person’s memory 为纪念 • 某人而建立纪念碑 • the rear of the hall

36. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study 9) species • n. a fundamental category of taxonomic classification, ranking below a genus or subgenus and consisting of related organisms capable of interbreeding • Examples: • Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment. • The Origin of Species《物种起源》

37. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.1 Word study 10) suffice Word formation a. sufficient n. sufficiency • v. to meet present needs or requirements • Examples: • These rations will suffice until next week. • Fifty dollars will suffice me. • Fifty dollars will suffice for my needs.

38. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.2 Phrases and expressions • 1) enroll in • 2) specialize in • 3) put it … • 4) go through • 5) see to it that • 6) preside over 7) be out to do sth. 8) be on one’s/the way to 9) The chances are that… 10) in essence 11) make… available

39. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.2 Phrases and expressions 1) enroll in • to place one’s name on a roll or register; to sign up 注册登记，注册、记录某人名字在花名册上；登记 • Example: • We enrolled in the army. Word formation n. enrollment

40. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.2 Phrases and expressions 2) specialize in • to concentrate on a particular activity or • product 从事专门活动或销售专业产品 • Example: • The shopspecializes inmountain-climbing • gear.

41. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.2 Phrases and expressions 3) put it… • to express; to state 表达；陈述 • Examples: • to put it another way 换句话说 • to put it mildly 说得婉转些 • to put it strong 说得刻薄

42. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.2 Phrases and expressions 4) go through • a. to examine carefully 仔细检查 • b. to experience • Examples: • John went through the students’ papers. • We went through hell while working on • this project.

43. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.2 Phrases and expressions 5) see to it that • to try to make sure that • Example: • The parents asked the girl to see to itthat her • younger brothers behave well at the table.

44. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.2 Phrases and expressions 6) preside over • to be in charge of • Examples: • preside over a meeting 主持会议 • preside at tea 招待客人吃茶点 • The manager presides over the business of • this store. 主持管理业务

45. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.2 Phrases and expressions 7) be out to do sth. • to try to do sth. • Example: • You professor raise your kids your way; I’ll take • care of my own. Me, I’m out to make money.

46. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.2 Phrases and expressions 8) be on one’s/the way to • tobein the process of coming, going, or traveling • Examples: • She ison her way out the door. • Winter ison the way. • You areon your way to being that new species • of mechanized savage, the push-button • Neanderthal.

47. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.2 Phrases and expressions 9) The chances are that… • It is possible that… • Examples: • Thechancesare ten to one that the guest team • will win. • If you have some one on your mind, let her know. • Chances are you are on hers as well. cf. • There is a chance that I will see him these days. • Is there any chance of rain?

48. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.2 Phrases and expressions chance vi. to come about by chance; occur 偶然发生，出现 vt. to take the risk or hazard of 冒······的危险 • Examples: • It chanced that the train was late that day. • Although there is still hope, he is not not • willing to chance it.

49. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.2 Phrases and expressions 10) in essence by nature; essentially本质上；实质的 • Example: • In essence, leadership involves accomplishing • goals with and through people.

50. Lesson 1 – Another School Year---What For? 3.Rhetoric 3.2 Phrases and expressions 11) make… available to do sth. so that one thing can be used or can easily be bought or found • Examples: • Dental clinics shall be made available within ten • miles of each community. • Parking facilities were made available for the • disabled.