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Genetics Vocabulary

Genetics Vocabulary. Genetics Vocabulary. Genetics Study of heredity Trait Variation of a particular inherited character Cross fertilization Process by which sperm from one flower’s pollen fertilizes the egg in a flower of a different plant Hybrid

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Genetics Vocabulary

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  1. Genetics Vocabulary

  2. Genetics Vocabulary • Genetics • Study of heredity • Trait • Variation of a particular inherited character • Cross fertilization • Process by which sperm from one flower’s pollen fertilizes the egg in a flower of a different plant • Hybrid • Offspring of two different true-breeding varieties (YY x yy-----> Yy) • Monohybrid cross • Mating of two organisms that differ in only one character • Dihybrid cross • Mating of two organisms that differ in two characters

  3. Genetics Vocabulary • Allele • Different forms of the same gene • Homozygous • Having identical alleles for a gene (YY, yy) • Heterozygous • Having different alleles for a gene (Yy) • Dominant • Allele in a heterozygous individual that appears to be the only one affecting a trait • Affects the trait when both alleles are dominant or when only one allele is dominant (YY or Yy) • Recessive • Allele in a heterozygous individual that does not appear to affect a trait • Affects the trait only when both alleles are recessive (yy)

  4. Genetics Vocabulary • Segregation • Separation during the formation of gametes so that each gamete carries only one allele for each character • Independent Assortment • During gamete formation a particular allele for one character can be paired with either allele of another character • Probability • The chance that an event will occur • Genotype • Combination of alleles (YY, Yy, yy ) • Phenotype • Observable trait (Yellow, white, tall, short, etc.) • Testcross • Breeding an individual of unknown genotype, but dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual

  5. Genetics Vocabulary • Co-dominance • Inheritance pattern in which the heterozygote offspring expresses the distinct traits of both alleles • Intermediate inheritance • Inheritance pattern in which the heterozygote offspring has a phenotype intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygote parents • Polygenic inheritance • Combined effect of two or more genes on a single trait • Sex-linked gene • Gene located on a sex chromosome

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