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Marine Mammals

Marine Mammals. Order Sirenia : Manatees and Dugongs. 1 species dugong 3 species manatees. Florida Manatee. Endangered Herbivore Migrate in Winter Inhabit tropical waters. Order Pinnipedia : Sea Lions, Seals and the Walrus. Family Otariidae : Sea Lions. External ears Long neck

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Marine Mammals

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  1. Marine Mammals

  2. Order Sirenia: Manatees and Dugongs • 1 species dugong • 3 species manatees

  3. Florida Manatee • Endangered • Herbivore • Migrate in Winter • Inhabit tropical waters

  4. Order Pinnipedia: Sea Lions, Seals and the Walrus

  5. Family Otariidae: Sea Lions • External ears • Long neck • Performs in shows • Pull hind flipper under body • Claws ¾ to end of flipper

  6. Family Phocidae: Seals • No external ears • Short neck • Back flippers to swim • Can’t rotate hind flippers • Claws at end of flippers

  7. Family Odobenidae: Walrus • Use vibrissae (whiskers) to feed.

  8. Order Carnivora: Sea Otter Two North American Species • The Alaskan • The Californian

  9. Prized for pelt • Over 1 million hairs/in2 • Need thick fur because they have NO blubber • Oil on hair to repel water

  10. Oil Spills • Oil covers fur and otters die of exposure • When otters attempt to clean their fur, they ingest the oil and die.

  11. Diet • Eat invertebrates (urchins and abalone). • Use tools.

  12. Order Carnivora: Polar Bears • Well-developed claws, strong facial musculature, specialized teeth.

  13. Family Ursidae • Partially aquatic bears. • Inhabit arctic sea ice, water islands & coastlines.

  14. Adaptations to the Arctic • Small ears which help conserve body heat. • 12’’ paws – act like snowshoes • Non-retractable claw (to grip ice) • Thick fur • Fur is oily and water repellent • Skin is black which enables the bear to absorb sunlight energy to warm its body. • Have 4 inches of blubber

  15. Need 4.4 lbs of fat a day to survive. • Polar bears can smell a seal more than 20 miles away. • Feed mainly seals, but will scavenge other mammals

  16. No natural predators as adults • Threatened species protected under MMPA (Marine Mammal Protection Act) • No hunting in U.S., but are hunted in Canada.

  17. Whales Order: Cetacea Suborders: 1. Mysticeti = Baleen whales • Odontoceti =Toothed whales

  18. Whale Anatomy • Female whales have a genital slit and 2 mammary slits. • Males have 1 genital slit.

  19. Order Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) • Largest: Blue • 2nd largest: Fin • Humpback (sings) • http://www.oceanmammalinst.org/songs/hmpback3.wav • 2 Blowholes Humpback Minke Whale

  20. Baleen • Used for filter feeding • Grow down from upper jaw.

  21. Rorqual • Many throat grooves • Shorter baleen plates • Expand capacity of mouth

  22. Diving Adaptations • Have 2x the RBC’s, and 9x the myoglobin (than humans) • Countercurrent heat exchange system • Veins surround arteries; heat from blood in arteries is transferred to venous blood. • Mammalian diving reflex- blood is shunted away from extremities to vital organs.

  23. Gray Whale Undertakes the longest migration (11,000 miles)

  24. Order Odontoceti • Examples: Sperm, Orca, Dolphins, Porpoises, Narwhal & Beluga • Found in fresh and salt water • Many toothed whales are countershaded or have disruptive coloration (killer whale)

  25. Sperm Whales have teeth in the lower jaw only! • One Blowhole • No sense of smell in toothed whales

  26. Largest member of Dolphin family is Orca • Largest toothed whale is the Sperm Whale • Fastest is Dall’s Porpoise: 34 m.p.h. Orca Sperm Whale Dall’s Porpoise

  27. Cooperative Hunting • Orcas, false killer whales, pilot whales, & bottlenose dolphins • Hunt in packs like wolves • Humpbacks use bubble netting to surround their prey

  28. Echolocation • Enables toothed whales to locate and discriminate objects by listening for echoes • Uses organ called a melon which contains fats • Acts as an acoustical lens to focus sound waves out to H2O • Sound travels 4x faster in H2O than in air. • Lower jaw bones = sound reception

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