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Chapter 19 Protists

Chapter 19 Protists. Section 1: Introduction to Protists. Section 2: Protozoans—Animal-like Protists. Section 3: Algae—Plantlike Protists. Section 4: Funguslike Protists. Protists. Chapter 19. 19.1 Introduction to Protists. Protists. All protists are eukaryotes.

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Chapter 19 Protists

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  1. Chapter 19 Protists Section 1: Introduction to Protists Section2: Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Section 3: Algae—Plantlike Protists Section 4: Funguslike Protists

  2. Protists Chapter 19 19.1 Introduction to Protists Protists • All protists are eukaryotes. • Unicellular or Multicellular • Autotrophs or heterotrophs • Some reproduce asexually by mitosis while others exchange genetic material during meiosis.

  3. Protists Chapter 19 19.1 Introduction to Protists Classifying Protists • Some scientists classify protists by their methods of obtaining nutrition. • Animal-like protists (PROTOZOANS) • Classified based on method of movement • Plantlike protists (ALGAE) • Classified based on color pigment • Funguslike protists • Classified based on method of reproduction

  4. Protists Chapter 19 19.1 Introduction to Protists Animal-like Protists • Protozoans are heterotrophs and usually ingest bacteria, algae, or other protozoans.

  5. Protists Chapter 19 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Phylum Ciliophora • Biologists further classify protozoans by their method of movement. • Members of the phylum Ciliophora are animal-like protists that have numerous short, hairlike projections called cilia. • There are over 7000 species of ciliates. • Most notable example is Paramecium

  6. Protists Chapter 19 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Paramecia Magnification unavailable • A unicellular protozoan • Enclosed by a layer of membrane called a pellicle. Paramecia

  7. Protists Chapter 19 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Cilia • Cilia on the paramecium are used for moving and feeding. Contractile Vacuoles • The contractile vacuoles collect the excess water from the cytoplasm and expel it from the cell.

  8. Protists Chapter 19 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists

  9. Protists Chapter 19 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Sarcodina (Phylum Rhizopoda) • Animal-like protists that use pseudopods (false foot) for feeding and locomotion • The most commonly studied sarcodines are found in the genus Amoeba.

  10. Protists Chapter 19 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists • Chemical stimuli from smaller organisms can cause the amoeba to form pseudopods from their plasma membrane.

  11. Protists Chapter 19 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists • Amoebas are enveloped in an outer cell membrane and an inner thickened cytoplasm called ectoplasm. • The cytoplasm contains a nucleus, food vacuoles, and occasionally a contractile vacuole. • Waste products and undigested food particles are excreted by diffusion through the outer membranes into surrounding water.

  12. Protists Chapter 19 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists • Amoebas reproduce by asexual reproduction. • During harsh environmental conditions, some amoebas become cysts that help them survive until environmental conditions improve and survival is more likely.

  13. Protists Chapter 19 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Apicomplexa (Phylum Sporozoa) • Animal-like protists that belong to the phylum Apicomplexa also are known as sporozoans. • All sporozoans are parasitic. • No obvious method of movement: “Floaters”

  14. Protists Chapter 19 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists • The life cycle of sporozoans has both sexual and asexual stages.

  15. Protists Chapter 19 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Phylum Zoomastigina • Animal-like protozoans that use flagella for movement • At least three species of zooflagellates from the genus Trypanosoma cause infectious diseases in humans that often are fatal because of limited treatment options. • Chagas disease, sometimes called American sleeping sickness • African sleeping sickness • Another example: Plasmodium (causes malaria)

  16. Protists Chapter 19 19.1 Introduction to Protists Plantlike Protists • Plantlike protists make their own food through photosynthesis. • Algae

  17. Protists Chapter 19 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Characteristics of Algae • Contain photosynthetic pigments • Primary pigment is chlorophyll • Secondary pigments allow them to absorb light energy in deep water

  18. Protists Chapter 19 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Red algae Green algae

  19. Protists Chapter 19 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Magnification unavailable Diatoms • The unicellular algae are members of the phylum Bacillariophyta. • Diatoms are photosynthetic autotrophs. Diatoms

  20. Protists Chapter 19 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists • Asexual reproduction occurs when the two separated halves each create a new half that can fit inside the old one. • When a diatom is about one-quarter of the original size, sexual reproduction is triggered and gametes are produced.

  21. Protists Chapter 19 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists

  22. Protists Chapter 19 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Dinoflagellates • Unicellular and have two flagella at right angles to one another • Some dinoflagellates are photosynthetic autotrophs, and other species are heterotrophs. • The heterotrophic dinoflagellates can be carnivorous, parasitic, or mutualistic.

  23. Protists Chapter 19 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Algal Blooms • When food is plentiful and environmental conditions are favorable, dinoflagellates reproduce in great numbers. • When the food supply diminishes, the dinoflagellates die in large numbers. • As the dead algae decompose, the oxygen supply in the water is depleted, suffocating fish and other marine organisms.

  24. Protists Chapter 19 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Red Tides • Some dinoflagellates have red photosynthetic pigments, and when they bloom, the ocean is tinged red. • Some species of dinoflagellates produce a potentially lethal nerve toxin.

  25. Protists Chapter 19 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Euglenoids • Euglenoids contain chloroplasts and photosynthesize. • Euglenoids also can be heterotrophs.

  26. Protists Chapter 19 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Green Algae • Like plants, green algae contain chlorophyll as a primary photosynthetic pigment. • Like plants, green algae have cell walls, and both groups store their food as carbohydrates. • Most species of green algae are found in freshwater.

  27. Protists Chapter 19 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Growth Patterns Exhibited by Green Algae • Desmids are characterized by their symmetrically divided cells. • Spirogyra is a multicellular species characterized by its long, thin filaments. • Volvox is an example of an alga that has a colonial growth pattern.

  28. Protists Chapter 19 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists

  29. Protists Chapter 19 19.1 Introduction to Protists Funguslike Protists • Funguslike protists absorb their nutrients from other organisms.

  30. Protists Chapter 19 19.4 Funguslike Protists Slime Molds • Slime molds use spores to reproduce. • Feed on decaying organic matter and absorb nutrients through their cell walls. • The cell walls of these protists contain cellulose or celluloselike compounds.

  31. Protists Chapter 19 19.4 Funguslike Protists Acellular Slime Molds • Acellular slime molds are found in the phylum Myxomycota.

  32. Protists Chapter 19 19.4 Funguslike Protists Cellular Slime Molds • Cellular slime molds are found in the phylum Acrasiomycota. • Reproduce both sexually and asexually

  33. Protists Chapter 19 Chapter Resource Menu Chapter Diagnostic Questions Formative Test Questions Chapter Assessment Questions Standardized Test Practice biologygmh.com Glencoe Biology Transparencies Image Bank Vocabulary Animation Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.

  34. A B C D Protists Chapter 19 CDQ 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions How are funguslike protists different from fungi? perform photosynthesis ingest bacteria microscopic in size contain centrioles

  35. A B C D Protists Chapter 19 CDQ 2 Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which type of protist carries out photosynthesis and has chloroplasts? bacteria algae mold fungus

  36. A B C D Protists Chapter 19 CDQ 3 Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which is not a characteristic of protists? unicellular multicellular might have formed through endosymbiosis prokaryotic

  37. A B Protists Chapter 19 FQ 1 19.1 Formative Questions What type of cells do protists have? eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cells

  38. A B C D Protists Chapter 19 FQ 2 19.1 Formative Questions How are protists classified? by their internal cell structure by their methods of reproduction by the way they obtain nutrition by the type of cell membranes they have

  39. A B C D Protists Chapter 19 FQ 3 19.1 Formative Questions Why are protozoans classified as animal-like protists? They absorb nutrients. They are heterotrophs. They carry out photosynthesis. They have either cilia or flagella.

  40. A B C D Protists Chapter 19 FQ 5 19.2 Formative Questions What is the outermost layer of membrane in a paramecium? cellulose ectoplasm pellicle plasma membrane

  41. A B C D Protists Chapter 19 FQ 7 19.2 Formative Questions What do amoebas use for feeding and locomotion? cilia ectoplasm flagella pseudopods

  42. A B C D Protists Chapter 19 FQ 8 19.2 Formative Questions How do amoebas excrete waste products and undigested food particles? by diffusion by exocytosis through an anal pore through waste vacuoles

  43. A B C D Protists Chapter 19 CAQ 3 Chapter Assessment Questions Which number represents an organelle that captures energy for the cell from sunlight? 1 2 3 4

  44. A B C D Protists Chapter 19 STP 3 Standardized Test Practice What can you determine about a protist that has contractile vacuoles? It ingests food particles. It is capable of locomotion. It excretes digested wastes. It lives in fresh water.

  45. A B C D Protists Chapter 19 STP 4 Standardized Test Practice Why is this process not considered sexual reproduction? It only involves micronuclei. No new organisms are formed. DNA is not transferred between cells. It occurs between single-celled organisms.

  46. A B C D Protists Chapter 19 STP 8 Standardized Test Practice At certain times of the year along ocean shorelines, the waves appear to glow at night. What organisms likely cause this? chrysophytes diatoms dinoflagellates luminoids

  47. A B C D Protists Chapter 19 STP 9 Standardized Test Practice Why are euglenoids challenging to classify? They have both flagella and eyespots. They are both photosynthetic and heterotrophic. They have mitochondria but no cell wall. Some absorb nutrients, others ingest organisms.

  48. Protists Chapter 19 Vocabulary Section 1 protozoan

  49. Protists Chapter 19 Vocabulary Section 2 pellicle contractile vacuole pseudopod

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