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The perfect tense (Le Pass é Composé)

The perfect tense (Le Pass é Composé) . 1- Use and formation 2- Perfect with Avoir 3- Perfect with Être 4-Time expressions. 1-Use and formation . This tense is used to describe a single completed action in the past.

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The perfect tense (Le Pass é Composé)

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  1. The perfect tense(Le Passé Composé) 1- Use and formation 2- Perfect with Avoir 3- Perfect with Être 4-Time expressions V. Passerat

  2. 1-Use and formation • This tense is used to describe a single completed action in the past. • It needs 2 parts: the auxiliary or helping verb (avoir or être in the present) and the past participle. V. Passerat

  3. In English…. • How to say things in English in the past tense? • Ex: to play 1. I…. 2. I… 3. I… V. Passerat

  4. Did you get it correct? • I have played • I did play • I have played V. Passerat

  5. The passé composé tense is a compound tense! because it is made up of more than one part. It is COMPOSED OF TWO THINGS! A HELPING VERB AND A PAST PARTICIPLE! V. Passerat

  6. For most verbs it is made up of the present tense of avoir… • J’ai… • Tu as… • Il/elle/on a… • Nous avons… • Vous avez… • Ils/elles ont… • We call this the auxiliary [helping] verb V. Passerat

  7. …and a ‘past participle’ • J’ai mangé-I have eaten (I ate, I did eat) • Tu as vu- You have seen (you saw, you did see) • Il/elle/on a dansé- She danced, (did dance, has danced) • Nous avons vendu- We sold, (did sell, have sold) • Vous avez acheté- You bought (did buy, have bought) • Ils/elles ont fini- They finished,(did finish, have finished) V. Passerat

  8. Regular past participles • The past participle of a verb is the form that generally corresponds to the –ed ending in English (played, changed, finished…) • -ER verbs end in –é (manger mangé) • -RE verbs end in –u (vendre vendu) • -IR verbs end in –i (finir fini) V. Passerat

  9. 2-Avoir verbs • Most verbs use the auxiliary avoir . • The endings always stay the same. -ER -RE-IR REGARDER VENDRE FINIR J’ai regardé vendu fini Tu as regardé vendu fini Il, Elle, On a regardé vendu fini Nous avons regardé vendu fini Vous avez regardé vendu fini Ils, Elles ont regardé vendu fini V. Passerat

  10. Some Irregular past participles Avoir-to have (j’ai eu/I had), Être-to be (j’ai été/I was), Faire-to do, make (j’ai fait/I did) Ending in “it”:Ending in “ert”: Dire (j’ai dit/I said) Offrir (j’ai offert/I offered) Écrire (j’ai écrit/I wrote) Ouvrir (j’ai ouvert/I opened) Ending in “is”: Mettre (j’ai mis/I put) Promettre (j’ai promis/I promised) Permettre (j’ai permis/I permitted) Prendre (j’ai pris/I took) (Apprendre-compris/learned/Comprendre-compris/understood) V. Passerat

  11. More Irregular Past participles! Ending in “u”: Boire (j’ai bu/I drank) Courir (j’ai couru/I ran) Pouvoir (j’ai pu/I could) Vivre (j’ai vécu/I lived) Voir (j’ai vu/I saw)***** Vouloir (j’ai voulu/I wanted) V. Passerat

  12. 3- Être verbs • There are some verbs that use the auxiliary verb (helping verb) être. • In that case, the past participle agrees with the subject (masculine, feminine, singular or plural endings). • ONLY ÊTRE VERBS AGREE!!!!!! V. Passerat

  13. Remember Être? • Je suis • tu es • elle est • nous sommes • vous êtes • ils sont V. Passerat

  14. Être verbs agree! -ER -RE -IR ALLER DESCENDRE PARTIR Je suis allé(e) descendu(e) parti(e) Tu es allé(e) descendu(e) parti(e) Il,Elle, On est allé(e) descendu(e) parti(e) Nous sommes allé(e)s descendu(e)s parti(e)s Vous êtes allé(e)(s) descendu(e)(s) parti(e)(s) Ils, Elles sont allé(e)s descendu(e)s parti(e)s V. Passerat

  15. List of Être verbs-using Dr. & Mrs. Vandertrampp • Devenir (to become) devenu(e)(s) • Retourner (to return) retourné(e)(s) • Monter (to go up) monté(e)(s) • Rentrer (to return) rentré(e)(s) • Sortir (to go out) sorti(e)(s) • Venir (to come) venu(e)(s) • Arriver (to arrive) arrivé(e)(s) • Naître (to be born) né(e)(s) • Descendre (to get off/go down) descendu(e)(s) • Entrer (to enter) entré(e)(s) • Rester (to stay) resté(e)(s) • Tomber (to fall) tombé(e)(s) • Revenir (to come back) revenu(e)(s) • Aller (to go) allé(e)(s) • Mourir (to die) mort(e)(s) • Partir (to leave) parti(e)(s) • Passer (to pass by) passé(e)(s) V. Passerat

  16. V. Passerat

  17. Another way to remember ÊTRE is the ÊTRE song! (to the tune of the ABC song) • Allé • Arrivé • Descendu • Devenu • Entré • Monté • Mort • Né • Parti • Passé • Rentré • Resté • Retourné • Revenu • Sorti • Tombé ET • Venu “Ce sont les participes passés, ce sont les mots que je connais!” V. Passerat

  18. REMEMBER: Être verbs must agree! • For example: Elle est venue • Nous sommes arrivés But when we used avoir, there was NO agreement… • Elle a choisi • Nous avons parlé V. Passerat

  19. So you can remember the 17 Être verbs with Dr. & Mrs. Vandertramp, the Être house/hospital or with the Être song! Allé Arrivé Descendu Devenu Entré Monté Mort Né Parti Passé Rentré Resté Retourné Revenu Sorti Tombé ET Venu • Devenir • Revenir • Mourir • Rester • Sortir • Venir • Aller • Naître • Descendre • Entrer • Retourner • Tomber • Rentrer • Arriver • Monter • Partir • Passer “Ce sont les participes passés, ce sont les mots que je connais!” V. Passerat

  20. So this is the process… Find the French verb Ask yourself: does it take être? [That is, is it reflexive or one of the être list verbs?] If not, use AVOIR in the present tense, and add your past participle. If yes, use ETRE in the present tense and add the possibly morphed past participle! V. Passerat

  21. If the answer is ‘yes, it uses être’ • For example… ‘Christine fell..’ … • To fall = tomber = être list verb • Find the subject of the verb: • Christine • Use the present tense of être to agree with Christine • Christine est • Work out the past participle and make it agree • tombée • So we get: Christine est tombée V. Passerat

  22. Être Verbs: Now you try! Translate: 1. I went to the doctor this morning. 2. I left school late. 3. I fell at the train station. 4. I arrived with my sister. V. Passerat

  23. Reflexive verbs- (French 2 will get these in the spring!) • All reflexive verbs use the auxiliary être in the perfect tense. Se lever (to get up) Je me suis levé(e) Tu t’es levé(e) Il,Elle,On s’est levé(e) Nous nous sommes levé(e)s Vous vous êtes levé(e)(s) Ils,Elles se sont levé(e)s V. Passerat

  24. 4- Time expressions • L’année dernière (last year) • Avant-hier (the day before yesterday) • Hier (yesterday) • Hier matin/soir (yesterday morning/evening) • Pendant les dernières vacances (during the last holidays) • La semaine dernière (last week) • Le week-end dernier (last week-end) V. Passerat

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