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SOCIAL ISSUES IN BRAZIL

SOCIAL ISSUES IN BRAZIL. Steve Blackmon Rhoumer Dumapat Aswin Gunasekar Adrian Harb Amrin Malik Sarah Victor. SOCIAL ISSUES IN BRAZIL Pobreza Questões raciais Gangues/ Drogas Educacao. SOCIAL ISSUES IN BRAZIL Pobreza (Poverty) Questões raciais (Racial Issues)

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SOCIAL ISSUES IN BRAZIL

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  1. SOCIAL ISSUES IN BRAZIL Steve Blackmon RhoumerDumapat AswinGunasekar Adrian Harb Amrin Malik Sarah Victor

  2. SOCIAL ISSUES IN BRAZIL • Pobreza • Questõesraciais • Gangues/Drogas • Educacao

  3. SOCIAL ISSUES IN BRAZIL • Pobreza (Poverty) • Questõesraciais(Racial Issues) • Gangues/Drogas (Youth gangs and drugs) • Educacao (Education)

  4. RACE & ETHNICITY IN BRAZIL • Indigenous populations: Tupi, Ewe, and Ge • 1500’s: Portuguese Settlers and African populations • Late 1800’s – 1900’s: Italian, Spanish, German, Japanese, Middle East, and Eastern Europe • Sugar cane crops, gold and diamonds = increased slave trafficking • Last country in the Americas to end slavery (1888)

  5. SOCIAL APARTHEID

  6. THE FUTURE

  7. POVERTY • Most visually represented by Favelas • In part attributed to economic inequality • > 50% of population lacks resources for basic survival • Poor segment is 33% of population. Extremely poor is 13% • Richest 10% receive 42% of nation's income • Poorest population receives < 1.2% of nation’s income

  8. GINI COEFFICIENT 0  perfect income equality 1  maximal inequality Gini-coefficient of national income distribution around the world (using 2009 info)

  9. POVERTY MITIGATION & OUTLOOK • Fight extreme poverty and income inequality • Public policies of social intervention • Increased social spending (21.9% in 2005) • Decentralization of social policy • Municipalities share of social spending rose 53.8% from 1980 to 2008 • ‘Zero Hunger’ program • ‘BolsaFamilia’ • Reach social indicators of developed countries by 2016 • Projected poverty rate of 4%

  10. YOUTH GANGS & DRUGS • Drug gangs control majority of favelas around cities. • Gangs recruit children as young as 10 to run/sell drugs. • Kids can earn up to $150/day.

  11. Brazil US

  12. YOUTH PROGRAMS & EDUCATION • Locally/internationally sponsored youth programs are helping break the low poverty/education cycle. • +Oportunidades program is preparing kids for a brighter future through education and training.

  13. REVIEW OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM • Primary Education • Free for all • Most elementary schools maintained by municipalities or the States • Richer cities have better schools due to better tax revenue • Biggest problem is non attendance due to malnutrition, children working and high examination failure rate • Standards falling, middle class turn to private schools further making public schools worse • Official programs that have worked well: BolsaEscola; now rolled into BolsaFamilia,FUNDEF

  14. SECONDARY EDUCATION • Not mandatory in Brazil • Most intermediary schools are maintained by the municipalities and States • Access to University based mainly on merit, measured by performance in ENEM (previously called 'vestibular’) • Private schools prepare students better for University • Students who could afford the best intermediary schools or cursinhos approved into the free public universities • Inherent handicap for poor students

  15. HIGHER EDUCATION • Majority of federal education funds goes towards public universities • Better lobbying power • Public universities are best in quality • Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro • Universidade de São Paulo • Universidade de Brasília • Have funds needed for investments in Medicine and Engineering programs • Private universities offer Human Sciences, Administration, Accounts

  16. OUTLOOK • Some notable successes • 700,000 scholarships for low income students • 180 vocational schools compared to 140 and 93 over that last 2 years • School enrollments climbing, Middle school graduation rate risen from 34% to 47% • Yet, Education - the biggest disadvantage for Brazil compared to China, India & Russia • More than 22 percent of the roughly 25 million workers available to join Brazil’s work force in 2011 were not considered qualified to meet the demands of the labor market • Many parents say, ‘Why should they study if there are no opportunities?’  • ‘Unless that gap is filled soon, Brazil may miss its demographic window over the next two decades in which the economically active population is at its peak’ - World Bank

  17. OBRIGADO!

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