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Italian Renaissance Humanism. In the Renaissance a new philosophy, HUMANISM , emphasized:. INDIVIDUALISM. CLASSICISM. SECULARISM. Why the change in philosophy?. Fatalism reflected realities of medieval Europe. Manors were isolated & life was hard.
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Italian Renaissance Humanism
In the Renaissance a new philosophy, HUMANISM, emphasized: INDIVIDUALISM CLASSICISM SECULARISM
Why the change in philosophy? • Fatalism reflected realities of medieval Europe • Manors were isolated & life was hard • Manorial life was traditional, pre-determined & inflexible
Change is only possible if God willed it • God created the world so it was logical to assume whatever you were doing was decided for you
…it’s not difficult to understand obsession with the afterlife
By the Renaissance (c. 1350-1660) life changed…at least in the towns and cities • Wealth increased • A new middle class developed • Trade increased & new products appeared • New skills could be learned • New occupations were created • Prosperity spread
An individual could now: • Leave the manor • Learn an occupation different from his parents • Improve his status and economic standing • Acquire nice things and enjoy some of life’s pleasures
By no means did this mean rejecting Christianity or questioning the basic teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.
But it did mean possibility for individual achievement and pleasure in the secular world on the way to the afterlife.
Birthplace of the Renaissance I T A L I A
Medieval Art Refresher • Religious Subject Matter & Symbolism • Focus on Afterlife • No Individualization/ Emotion • Anatomical Inaccuracies • Lack of Single Scene • Two-Dimensional • Untrained Artists
Renaissance art clearly depicts the philosophy of humanism in its emphasis on: INDIVIDUALISM CLASSICISM SECULARISM
Renaissance art also includes new or rebornartistic techniques…
Symmetry Alessandro Botticelli, Venus and Mars c. 1483
PERSPECTIVE Piero della Francesca, Ideal City, c. 1470
GEOMETRY The triangular organization suggests stability and order, values held by the ancient Greeks & Romans
It also suggests the Trinity, a basic Christian belief God the Father God the Son God the Holy Spirit
Chiaroscuro Chiaroscuro (shading) Creates a sense of realism of individual Leonardo da Vinci: The Madonna of the Carnation, c. 1478-1480
How does this painting reflect Humanism? INDIVIDUALISM SECULARISM “3-D” landscape Mary is a real person, not a medieval “zombie” Concern with details Emphasizes the “real world” setting Why does she look “real?”
But this is still a religious painting The Church is still a major patron of the arts Renaissance Europe is still a very religious society But the art is now done in a realistic style by professionally trained artists, not untrained monks
How does this painting reflect Humanism? Leonardo da Vinci : Lady with an Ermine c. 1485
Portraits: What could be a better expression of… INDIVIDUALISM CLASSICISM No portraits in the Middle Ages…but lots during Roman times!
Roman Architecture Reborn Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore Florence, Italy
The Renaissance cathedral is more down to earth & more human in scale Appropriate for the focus on man & life in the secular world
Italian Renaissance art clearly reflects Humanism in its emphasis on: 1.INDIVIDUALISM:glorifying potential, talents and accomplishments of individual human beings. 2.CLASSICISM:Re-discovery and appreciation of ancient Greek & Roman culture 3.SECULARISM:emphasis on this world (the “here & now”) and its material pleasures rather than the afterlife (“hereafter”) or spiritual world.