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Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia. Positive symptoms are those that happen in addition to the norm – ie delusions, hallucinations Negative symptoms are those that take away from the norm – ie loss of pleasure, motivation, interest

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Schizophrenia

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  1. Schizophrenia

  2. Positive symptoms are those that happen in addition to the norm – ie delusions, hallucinations • Negative symptoms are those that take away from the norm – ie loss of pleasure, motivation, interest • Diagnosis – Must have at least 2 of the following 5 symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms. • Must have been present for more than 6 months and seriously affect ability to maintain normal functioning

  3. Delusions • Fixed false belief held with certainty. • Persecution • Reference • Control • Grandeur • Thought broadcasting • Thought insertion

  4. Hallucinations • Perceptual distortions of sensory information • Can affect any of the senses but most often affects hearing (ie hearing voices) • Voices are usually critical or unfriendly

  5. Disorganised speech • Derailment – rapid shifts from topic to topic • Perseveration – constant repetition of words or phrases • Neologisms – making up new words only they know • Clang – meaningless rhyming words

  6. Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour • Disorganisedbehaviour – behave inappropriately, dress strangely, poor personal hygiene • Catatonic behaviour – can range from extremely agitated behaviour to none at all. • Catatonic stupor • Catatonic posturing • Waxy flexibility

  7. Negative symptoms • Affective flattening • Avolition (apathy) lack of energy or enthusiasm for anything • Alogia (poverty of speech) may not say much or may use a lot of words but convey very little meaning • L.A. 16.2 p783 Qu 2, 4, 7,

  8. Biological factors • Genetic predisposition • Drug induced • Changes in brain activity • L.A. 16.5 p790 Qu 1a,b, 2, 5

  9. Use of Medication • Dopamine hypothesis – read cigarette article • Anti psychotics work by blocking dopamine activity. They are therefore antagonists. • L.A. 16.6 p793 Qu 1, 2, 3, 4c, 6

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