Vocabulary/Reading

Vocabulary/Reading Note Cards

Note Card #1 • What are the TWO Golden Rules to state testing? • Always read the question first • Always read ALL FOUR answer choices. . . Carefully!

Note Card #2 • What is a FACT? • A statement that can be proven TRUE. Numbers are good examples of facts.

Note Card #3 • What is an opinion? • A statement that CANNOT be proven true. Opinions are based on feelings and emotions.

Note Card #4 • List some comparison, extreme, and emotional words that indicate opinion. • Comparison: smarter, best, any “-er” or “-est” word • Extreme: always, never, must, need • Emotional: love, hate, boring, amazing

Note Card #5 • What is the strategy for answering a fact & opinion question with two sources? • Read the shortest source (or the billboard) first; check your answers; use the second source to verify your answer.

Note Card #6 • What are the FIVE characteristics of a summary/precis? • ¼ of the original • In order • No opinions or listings • Own words • The main ideas/details

Note Card #7 • What are the FOUR characteristics of an explication? • 1 sentence long • No order • THE main idea • No opinions or idioms

Note Card #8 • What are the characteristics of summarizing research? • Must join the information together ACCURATELY • Does not have to be in order • Still a summary; look for the main ideas, no opinions

Note Card #9 • What is the strategy when answering a summarizing research question? • You must read BOTH excerpts very carefully, highlighting important details, then look for accuracy in each answer.

Note Card #10 • What does the state test call text structures? • Organizational structures

Note Card #11 • What is description? • A text structure that uses imagery to describe a character, an event, a job, a setting, etc..

Note Card #12 • What is Compare and Contrast? • A text structure that describes similarities and differences. Can use words such as: however, in the same way, like, although

Note Card #13 • What is sequential order? • A text structure that is also called chronological order. • It gives events in the order they occurred naturally • Can use words such as: first, next, then, etc. • Can build suspense

Note Card #14 • What is Process Order? • A text structures that is also called Procedural Order • Gives the STEPS of how you should do something • Can use words such as: first, next, then, etc.

Note Card #15 • What is Order of Importance? • A text structure that organizes details from greatest to least importance or from least to greatest importance. • Can use words such as: most/least importantly, crucial, etc.

Note Card #16 • What is Spatial Order? • A text structure that organizes details according to their location • Can use words such as: to the left/right, between, next to, etc.

Note Card #17 • What is Cause & Effect? • A text structure that shows how one thing makes something else happen • Can use words such as: because, due to, as a result of, therefore, etc.

Note Card #18 • What is Problem and Solution? • A text structure that shows how a conflict or issue is answered or resolved

Note Card #19 • What is the strategy when you have a text structure question with two excerpts? • Read the first or shortest excerpt first; check your answers; then use the second excerpt to verify your answer

Note Card #20 • What is inference? • Using logic or reasoning to figure something out that is not specifically stated

Note Card #21 • What is the strategy when asked to make an inference, a prediction, or draw a conclusion? • Read ONLY the text indicated and base your answer on the evidence in the text

Note Card #22 • What is Connotation versus Denotation? • Connotation = the feelings associated with words (positive or negative) • Denotation = literal dictionary meaning of a word

Note Card #23 • What is Formal versus Informal language? • Formal Language = proper language used in speeches, reports, etc. • Informal Language = everyday language that includes slang and idioms

Note Card #24 • What is Diction? • The author’s choice of words

Note Card #25 • If you have a question that asks what is the analogical relationship between two words, what does that mean? • How are the two words related? Are they the same, opposite, a degree of comparison, or part-to-whole.

Note Card #26 • What are Text Features? • Anything besides the main text that gives additional information about the main text.

Note Card #27 • List some Text Features. • Sidebar, table of contents, foot note, bibliography, introduction, prologue, preface, graphs, etc.

Note Card #28 • What is the strategy for answering text feature questions? • Try reading ONLY the text feature first, then check your answers. Read the main passage only if needed.

Note Card #29 • What is a simile? • What is a metaphor? • What is an analogy? • Simile = a comparison using “like” or “as” • Metaphor = a direct comparison without using “like” or “as” • An extended simile or metaphor

Note Card #30 • What is personification? • What is hyperbole? • What is oxymoron? • Personification = giving human characteristics to something non-human • Hyperbole = an extreme exaggeration • Oxymoron = two contradictory words

Note Card #31 • What is an idiom? • What is symbolism? • Idiom = an expression that you cannot take literally • Symbolism = the use of an object to represent something else

Note Card #32 • What is Paradox? • What is Allusion? • Paradox = a situation or statement that seems to contradict itself. • Allusion = an indirect reference to a well-known person, event, piece of literature, etc.

Note Card #33 • What is Verbal, Situational, and Dramatic Irony? • Verbal = saying the opposite of what you mean • Situational = when the outcome is opposite of what is expected • Dramatic = when the audience knows more than the characters

Note Card #34 • What is Imagery? • What is Onomatopoeia? • Imagery = using descriptive words to appeal to the reader’s senses of taste, touch, smell, sound, sight • Onomatopoeia = words that imitate the sound they make (boom, crash)

Note Card #35 • What is Alliteration? • What is Assonance? • Alliteration = the repetition of similar sounds at the beginning of words • Assonance = the repetition of similar vowel sounds

Note Card #36 • What is Mood, Tone, and Atmosphere? • Mood = the feeling created in the reader • Tone = the writer’s attitude towards the subject • Atmosphere = the feeling created by the mood, tone, and setting

Note Card #37 • List some 1st person point of view pronouns • 1st person point of view is more: • I, me, us, we, our, etc. • More personal

Note Card #38 • List some 2nd person point of view pronouns: • 2nd person is more: • You, your, yours • More persuasive and informal

Note Card #39 • List some 3rd person point of view pronouns: • 3rd person is more: • He, she, it, they, them, their, etc. • More objective, impersonal, and formal

Note Card #40 • What does Objective mean? • What does Pessimistic mean? • What does Optimistic mean? • Objective = not personal • Pessimistic = negative • Optimistic = positive

Vocabulary/Reading