Communication Workshop

1. unit 21 Communication Workshop

2. Objectives: By the end of this lesson, we will be able to : ① use some linking words and expressions ② write a discursive essay

3. Discursive Essay • What Is It • Structure • Main Types. • Basic Do’s • Basic Don'ts

4. Should people in comas be kept on life support machines? Terri Schiavo unconscious for a long time

5. vocabulary 1 expose 2 temporary 3 numb 4 sacred 5 decline 6 terminal

6. expose • My job as a journalist is to expose the truth. to show something that is usually covered or hidden

7. A lot of temporary houses were built after the earthquake. • continuing for only a limited period of time

8. My fingers were numb with cold. unable to feel, think or react in the normal way

9. the sacred heart of Jesus considered to be holy very important and treated with great respect

10. The island's population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual decline until only 40 people were left. a continuous decrease in the number, value, quality, etc 180 40 1950 2000

11. People who are terminally ill because of incurable diseases are being kept alive on life-support machines. • (of an illness or a disease) that cannot be cured and will lead to death

12. Read the article quickly and match the headings with the paragraphs 3.introduction of the topic A 2.what doctors know and don’t know about comas B 4.chances of recovery C D 1.conclusion

13. The case of Terri Shiavo 1 When and why did she fall into a coma and how long was the coma ? • ______________________________________ 2 What was the final decision to her case ? • ______________________________________ 3 Did all people approve of the decision? • ______________________________________

14. No one has the right to end life. The courts and medical institutions make the decision that people should be allowed to take their loved one off life support machines. The patient’s coma was only temporary. It is generally agreed that a patient’s chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma. The patient would not have wanted to live on in this state. The family members feel numb . Should people in comas be kept on life support machines? For Against For against Against For

15. The author’s opinion Patients should ____________________________________ Close family members should be allowed to ___________________________________. In my opinion, Conclusion receive the best treatment. take their loved one off life support machine

16. Discursive Essay For And Against Introduction A list of arguments “for” A list of arguments “against” Attention: Note that if you are “for” something, put the arguments “against” first. If you are “against” something, put the arguments “for” first. Conclusion (your personal opinion)

17. Useful expressions and linking words/phrases • To introduce points/arguments for & against: • The first and most important reason to support euthanasia is that these patients have no chance of recovery. • Firstly ,these patients have no chance of recovery. • It is generally believed thatthese patients have no chance of recovery.

18. Useful expressions and linking words/phrases • To introduce points/arguments against: • In contrast, opponents point out that … • Nevertheless,it could be argued that …,

19. Contrast linking words Some people find the idea of taking people off life support machines terrible. Others don’t mind doing this if the patient doesn’t improve after many years. Example: Some people find the idea of taking a person off life support machines terrible, therefore, they would oppose the idea even if the patient doesn’t improve after many years.

20. 1.Even though some people find the idea of taking a person off life support machines terrible, they don’t mind doing this if the patient doesn’t improve after many years. 2.Some people find the idea of taking a person off life support machines terrible. However, they don’t mind doing this if the patient doesn’t improve after many years 3.Some people find the idea of taking a person off life support machines terrible, on the other hand, they don’t mind the idea if the patient doesn’t improve after many years.

21. Exercise 3 Complete the text with these linking words • 1 Even though • 2 Although • 3 Even though • 4 Therefore • 5 while • 6 However

22. Linking words and expressionspage 88 in order to • Scientists have used cloning _______ to save endangered species__________ the guar. The guar is a species of ox-like animal __________ comes from India. Last November a baby bull gaur named Noah was born _________ mother was an ordinary cow. _________ the cloning process requires a lot of time and investment, in the future it is hoped _______ cheetahs can be cloned ____ their number can be increased. In southern Africa there are only 12,000 cheetahs,____ need large areas to breed in._____ to this ,there are plans for experiments on the giant panda_____ there are only 1,000 left in the wild in China. such as which whose Although that so that which In addition to as

23. Homework: ①Finish Exercise 1,2 on page 88 ②write a for and against assay: Should people in comas be kept on life support machines ?

24. Should Smoking Be Banned?

25. For Cost money Be harmful to health Cause fire Passive smoking Dangers in pregnancy Against Lose money from tax on cigarettes Help relaxation when nervous or tired Help lose weight Cool Help establish social relationship Should Smoking Be Banned?

26. Introduction A list of arguments “for” A list of arguments “against” Conclusion (Give your personal opinion)

27. Attention: Note that if you are “for” something, put the arguments “against” first. If you are “against” something, put the arguments “for” first. Try to use the linking words and phrases that we’ve learnt today.

28. Thank you