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Ch 1 The Energy of Waves

Explore the nature, properties, and interactions of waves in this comprehensive guide. Learn about different types of waves, their energy transfer through mediums or without a medium, and their reflection, refraction, and interference. Discover the relationship between frequency and wavelength, as well as calculations to determine wave speed and period.

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Ch 1 The Energy of Waves

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  1. Ch 1 The Energy of Waves 1.1 The Nature of Waves

  2. The Nature of Waves • Wave- Any disturbance that transmits energy through matter or empty space. • Wave Energy • Energy can be carried away from its source by a wave • The material through which the wave travels does not move with the energy.

  3. Energy Transfer Through a Medium • Medium- a substance through which a wave can travel. • Can be a solid, liquid, or gas. • Plural of medium is media • When a particle vibrates (moves back and forth) it can pass its energy to a particle next to it.

  4. Sound waves need a medium • No medium – no sound travels • Mechanical Waves- Waves that need a medium

  5. Waves • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al7sFP4C2TY

  6. Energy Transfer Without a Medium • Visible Light • Microwaves • X rays • These are all called electromagnetic waves • Can travel through a medium or through empty space

  7. Electromagnetic spectrum • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4t7gTmBK3g • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfXzwh3KadE

  8. Types of Waves • Transverse Waves- Waves in which the particles vibrate in an up-and-down motion. • Particles move across, or perpendicular to the direction the wave is going. • Crest- The highest point of a transverse wave. • Trough- The lowest point of a transverse wave (between 2 crests)

  9. Transverse Waves

  10. Take a 1 minute break and try to solve It's more powerful than the most powerful beingIt's more evil than the most evil being. The poor have it. The rich need it. If you eat it you will die.

  11. Types of Waves • Longitudinal Waves- The particles of the medium vibrate back and forth along the path the wave moves. • Compression- A part of a longitudinal wave where the particles are crowded together. • Rarefaction-A part where the particles are spread apart. • Sound waves are longitudinal waves.

  12. Longitudinal Wave

  13. Types of Waves • Surface Wave- A combination of a transverse and longitudinal wave. • A wave that forms at or near the boundary between 2 media • Ocean waves are surface waves.

  14. 1.2 Properties of Waves • Amplitude – Height of a wave. • Maximum distance that the particles of a medium vibrate from their rest position. • Rest position is the point where the particles of a medium stay where there are no disturbances. • The larger the amplitude is, the taller the wave is. • The larger the amplitude is, the more energy the wave has

  15. Properties of Waves • Wavelength- The distance between any two crests or compressions next to each other in a wave. • The shorter the wavelength the more energy the wave has.

  16. Properties of Waves • Frequency- The number of waves produced in a given amount of time. • Expressed in Hertz (Hz) • 1 Hz = 1/s • Higher frequency means higher energy

  17. Properties of Waves • Wave Speed: • The speed at which the wave travels • V = λ x f • SI Units

  18. Take a 1 minute break and try to solve What word becomes shorter, even if you add two letters to it.

  19. Frequency and Wavelength Relationship • Frequency and wavelength are inversely related. • An increase in frequency causes a decrease in wavelength • An increase in wavelength causes a decrease in frequency

  20. Calculations • Determine the wave speed of a wave that has a wavelength of 5 m and a frequency of 4 Hz.

  21. Calculations • What is the frequency of a wave if the wave has a speed of 12 m/s and a wavelength of 3 m?

  22. Calculations • A wave has a frequency of 5 Hz and a speed of 18 m/s. What is the wavelength?

  23. Wave Properties • The period of a wave is the time for a particle on a medium to make one complete cycle. • SI Unit = Seconds (s) • Frequency and period are related Frequency refers to how often something happens. Period refers to the time it takes something to happen • Equation: • p = 1/f

  24. Calculations • What is the period of a wave that has a frequency of 4 Hz?

  25. Calculations • A surface wave has a period of 0.5 s and a wavelength of 0.75 m. What is the speed of the wave?

  26. 1.3 Wave Interactions • Reflection- A wave bounces back after hitting a barrier. • All waves can be reflected

  27. Wave Interactions • Transmitted Waves • Refraction- The bending of a wave as the wave passes from one medium to another at an angle • Wave speed changes when a wave moves from one medium • Water refraction

  28. Refraction of Different Colors • Dispersion- Light rays are spread out into separate colors. • Each color of light has it’s own wavelength. • Diffraction- The bending of waves around a barrier or through an opening

  29. Reflection/Refraction/Diffraction • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UR2rjO0TkU0

  30. Wave Interactions • Interference- Waves occupy the same space at the same time. • Constructive Interference- the crest of one wave overlaps the crest of another wave. • The new amplitude of the combined wave is larger than the original waves • Destructive Interference- The crest of one wave overlaps with the trough of another wave. • The new amplitude of the combined wave is smaller than the original waves. • Interference

  31. Constructive & Destructive Interference

  32. Standing Waves • A pattern of vibration that simulates a wave that is standing still. • Certain points are always at the rest position because of total destructive interference of the waves – called nodes. • The crests and troughs of standing waves are called antinodes.

  33. Resonance • When an object vibrating at or near a second object causes that second object to vibrate also. • Breaking glass with resonance

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