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Notes: Parts of the Cell

Notes: Parts of the Cell. Cell Organelles. REVIEW QUESTIONS. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?. All organisms composed of cells - cell is basic unit of living things - all cells from pre-existing cells. What is a prokaryote?. No membrane bound organelles.

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Notes: Parts of the Cell

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  1. Notes: Parts of the Cell Cell Organelles

  2. REVIEW QUESTIONS What are the 3 parts of the cell theory? All organisms composed of cells - cell is basic unit of living things - all cells from pre-existing cells What is a prokaryote? No membrane bound organelles What is an example of a prokaryote? Bacteria What is a eukaryote? Has membrane bound organelles

  3. REVIEW CONTINUED: What are the functions of the cell membrane? Protect the cell – regulates what enters & leaves the cell What is the process of maintaining the cells environment? HOMEOSTASIS What is the property of a cell membrane that only allows certain things in or out? SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY What is the cell membrane’s structure? PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER What is the outer boundary of a plant cell? CELL WALL

  4. Which statement about the cell membrane is not true? A – it helps give the cell its shape B – it is found only in animal cells C – it provides some protection for the cell D – it helps maintain homeostasis

  5. PARTS OF THE CELL – CELL ORGANELLES Nucleus • control center of the cell – contains DNA – gives directions for making proteins

  6. Nucleolus • inside nucleus – makes ribosomes

  7. Chromatin • inside nucleus – strands of DNA

  8. Cytoplasm • clear, gelatinous fluid inside the cell • gives the cell its shape • holds or “suspends” the cell’s organelles

  9. Ribosomes • site of protein synthesis (where protein is made) • can be free floating or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

  10. Endoplasmic Reticulum • large “workspace” inside cell – has “folds” for greater surface area 2 kinds of ER • Rough ER: has ribosomes attached to make protein 2. Smooth ER: no ribosomes attached – other biochemical activities here

  11. Golgi Apparatus • flattened system of membranes – (look like pancakes) • sorts proteins to be sent to correct destination

  12. Vacuoles • function to store materials • plants have a LARGE vacuole – animal cells have smaller vacuoles TYPICAL ANIMAL CELL TYPICAL PLANT CELL

  13. Lysosome • contains digestive enzymes • digests/destroys excess food, viruses, bacteria • also can destroy the cell itself if needed

  14. Plastids • found in PLANTS ONLY • used for storage EXAMPLE: • Chloroplasts • store energy/food • has “folds” for greater surface area

  15. Mitochondria • produces energy for the cell • has “folds” for greater surface area • each type of cell has a different amount of these

  16. Cytoskeleton • cell support structure – gives a “framework” to the cell • composed of MICROTUBULES & MICROFILAMENTS

  17. Cilia • function in movement of the cell or line the cell to move other things • cilia are short, hair like – move in waves

  18. Flagella • functions in movement of the cell • flagella are longer – move like a whip

  19. ANIMAL CELL – PLANT CELL COMPARISON PLANT CELL ONLY ANIMAL CELL ONLY PLANT & ANIMAL CELL ALL OTHER ORGANELLES CENTRIOLE CELL WALL PLASTIDS (EX: chloroplast, leucoplast) LARGE VACUOLE

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