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Waste Characteristics and Volumes

Waste Characteristics and Volumes. Manure and Wastewater Storage and Handling Robert Spajić, PhD University of J.J. Strossmayer Osijek – Croatia, Faculty of Agriculture , Department for Animal Husbandry. To be discussed:. Manure Characteristics Manure Volume Estimation Methods

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Waste Characteristics and Volumes

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  1. Waste Characteristics and Volumes Manure and Wastewater Storage and Handling Robert Spajić, PhD University of J.J. Strossmayer Osijek – Croatia, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Animal Husbandry

  2. To be discussed: • Manure Characteristics • Manure Volume Estimation Methods • Manure Nutrient Estimation Methods • Additional Waste Volumes

  3. Manure Characteristics • How would you characterize manure? • Qualitative • Odor • Quantitative • Physical Properties • Chemical Properties • Biological Properties

  4. Manure Characteristics • Book Values • IPPC – IE Directive – Europe • NRCS – USA • On-farm testing / database

  5. Manure Characteristics Source: BREF IPPC Directive – European Commission , Agrokor Company

  6. The Magical Animal Unit • An animal unit is 500 kg of any type of animal (Europe) and 1000 lbs (USA) • One 650 kg dairy cow: 1.3 AU • One 110 kg pig: 0.22 AU • One 2,5 kg chicken: 0.005 AU • Calculation # of animals* animal weight (kg) 500 kg/AU

  7. Manure Volume Estimation • Manure volume production ranges IPPC Document: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs – EUROPEAN COMMISSION

  8. Manure Production and Characteristics – last modifictions base on: • New developments • Genotype • Feeding practices (ie. split sex) • Diet modification (ie. phytase) • Nutrient management planning needs • Existing literature developed prior to these changes

  9. Manure Production and Characteristics • Work groups develop excretion model based on dietary inputs • Total Solids • Nitrogen • Phosphorus • Diet based equations for calculated manure characteristics

  10. Type of the farm system • Farm system with fully slatted floor • (new facilities – not with agreement with • animal welfare) • Farm system with half slatted floor • (new facilities – in agreement with • animal welfare) • Farm system with full flour • Farm system wit bedding • (sawdust, wood shavings, straw, sand, outdoor)

  11. Type of the farm system • Type of the barn system will strongly influent • on manure volumes and composition • Water supply (drinking, washing) • will strongly affect manure composition • Feeding types such as • - dry feeding system • - liquid feeding system • - semi dry feeding system

  12. Additional Waste Volumes • Wasted Feed • Increase solids and nutrients content by 4% for every 1% feed waste over 5% • Wash Water • Washing Facilitie (each room – all in all out system) • Washing Trucks • Liquid feeding systems – phase feeding • Flush Water • Recycled water

  13. Moisture Content • Total Solids (TS) • All solids in manure (sample dried @ 105º C) • Volatile Solids (VS) • Organic solids (combust @ 600º C) • Water Content (Wwater = Wmanure – WTS)

  14. Relative Consistency MWPS 18-2 • Manure is stored and handled • Type of animal • Animal housing • Manure collection • Manure treatment • Manure application

  15. Manure Nutrient Estimation • Manure Testing • Preferred Method • REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE • Book Values • ASAE D384.2 • MWPS 18-1 • NRCS Chapter 4 AWMFH • IPPC – IE Directive

  16. Manure Nutrient Estimation • Swine manure additives will change the structure - additives to reduce emissions - additives to reduce odorous - additives to change physical properties of the manure - additives to increase the fertilizing value - additives for stabilizing pathogens and microorganisms

  17. Type of manure aditives • Masking ad neutralizing agents • Adsorbers • Urease inhibitors • pH regulators • Oxidising agents • Flocculants • Disifectants and antimicrobials • Biological agents

  18. Some of the aspects on N and P • Important to remember • – input through the feed – allows us to calculate the gross • production of N and P in manure • 15% loses of N during storage, treatment and spreading IPPC Document: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs – EUROPEAN COMMISSION

  19. Some of the aspects on N and P • Important factors for the level of excretion of N and P: - N and P concetration in feed - animal production type - level of animal production

  20. Some of the aspects on N and P • Average composition of manure – focused on N, P, K, Mg, Na IPPC Document: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs – EUROPEAN COMMISSION

  21. Conclusion • Book Values • Questions on estimating volume and nutrient content? • On-Farm Testing • Develop a database • Write all the influences through the year - More samples - more accuracy

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