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Histology

Histology. What is Histology?. Histology is the study the structure and function of normal mammalian cells and tissues using various types of microscopes. What is …..? . A cell? Luckily, most of you can answer this Functional unit of all living organisms A tissue?

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Histology

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  1. Histology

  2. What is Histology? • Histology is the study the structure and function of normal mammalian cells and tissues using various types of microscopes.

  3. What is …..? A cell? • Luckily, most of you can answer this • Functional unit of all living organisms • A tissue? • A group of cells and surrounding material • Includes fibers, liquid or gelatinous material • Provides support

  4. How can we see tissues? • Tissues make up all the organs in the body, including skin, but to see the details of the cells and fibers we need to do a few things.

  5. Making a microscope slide • Cut a sample from an organism • Fix it with special chemicals • Permeate it with wax • Slice the wax into thin sections • Stain the sample with colorful stains • Place on the microscope and view

  6. Epithelia • Covers and lines cavities of the body • Thin cells are good for gas and nutrient exchange • Thicker cells are good at absorbing and secreting

  7. Epithelia, continued • All cells connect together to form a sheet if they are a covering or lining epithelia • All glands that secrete hormones and other major proteins for the body are also made of epithelia

  8. Connective Tissue • 3 elements • Cells • Fibers • Ground substance • In varying proportions • Most diverse tissue type

  9. Where it all begins • Mesenchyme • From the mesoderm • Found in the umbilical cord after delivery • Source of connective tissue stem cells.

  10. Connective Tissue includes: • Blood • The dermis • Cartilage • Tendons • Bone • Space fillers in organs • Fat

  11. Muscle • Three types

  12. Overview of Muscle Cell Types

  13. Neuromuscular Junction • Where axons of neurons meet skeletal muscle • This connection is blocked by BOTOX

  14. Nervous Tissue • Spinal cord • Brain • Peripheral Nervous Tissue

  15. Cells of the nervous sytem • Neurons

  16. Neurons have various appearances

  17. Support cells of the nervous sytem • Glial cells • in the spinal cord and brain • Primarily in the white matter • Schwann cells • Elsewhere in the body • Myelination • A special form of insulation

  18. Poliomyelitis • Virus • Attacks anterior horn cells of spinal cord • lower motor neurons • Paralysis of associated skeletal muscle • Microglia • engulf virus • destroyed cells, • dark staining areas

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