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Linux: The Flexible Server OS - An Overview

Learn about Linux development, components, interesting facts, and its significance. Compare Linux vs. Windows in this comprehensive presentation. Get insights on key milestones, Linus Torvalds, distributions, and the global impact of Linux in the tech world.

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Linux: The Flexible Server OS - An Overview

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  1. Linux Presentation by Amanda Harris

  2. The Basics • Developed by GNU Project, Linus Torvalds, … • 71% of code written in C, but many other languages were also used • Programmable in most languages • Similar to Unix • Free software • Graphical and command-line interface

  3. Background • Development began in 1991 • Developed by Finnish student, Linus Torvalds • Early on, source code was available for free on the Internet • Resulted in a collaboration of many users all over the world • The kernel itself is 2.4 million lines of code

  4. LinusTorvalds

  5. LinusTorvalds • Born December 28, 1969 • Recognized in Time magazine as one of the most influential people in the world • Finnish software engineer and hacker • Freex • Initiated development and became chief architect of Linux kernel • Holds authority over what new code is used • As of 2006, has written 2% of Linux kernel

  6. Development of Linux

  7. Development • May 14, 1991 • The first Linux kernel, Version 0.01, was released • March 14, 1994 • Next version, Linux 1.0, was released • March 1995 • Linux 1.2 was released

  8. Development • June 1996 • Linux 2.0 was released • January 1999 • Linux 2.2 was released • January 2001 • Linux 2.4 was released • December 2003 • Linux 2.6 was released

  9. Components • Kernel • System libraries • System utilities

  10. Interesting Facts • Torvalds has said that had the GNU kernel or 386BSD been available in 1991, he never would have created Linux. • MINIX was a free Unix-like OS designed for computer science education • Torvalds began to work on his own operating system due to being frustrated with MINIX’s educational-purposes-only licensing • Torvalds licensed Linux under GNU GPL to make it free for commercial use. • The GNU components made it a fully functional OS

  11. Linux Today

  12. Today • Linux distributions include Linux kernel as well as supporting utilities and libraries • Linux distributions are used everywhere from embedded systems to supercomputers • Relies on donations to keep the distributions coming • Use in home and enterprise desktops has been growing • Now includes non-GNU components

  13. Today • China uses Linux exclusively for its Loongson processor family • Brazil, Russia, the Indian state Kerala, and Spain have all created their own distributions • Torvalds still directs development of the kernel • http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Linux-and-Open-Source/Linux-Distribution-Releases-to-Watch-in-2011-383910/

  14. Details • As of today, Linux supports many programming languages • Provides compilers for Ada, C, C++, Java, Fortran, … • Current distributions can compete with Microsoft and Mac, however they can be hard to use for people who are unfamiliar with computers • One of the new distributions (Debian GNU/Linux 4.0) has about 283 million lines of code • There are over 300 distributions that are actively developed, and about a dozen are most popular for general-purpose use

  15. Significance

  16. Significance • Leading server operating system • Runs the 10 fastest supercomputers in the world • One of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration • Distribution driven by developer as well as user communities

  17. Significance • Since February 2010, Linux distributions represent six of the top ten most reliable internet hosting companies. • Since November 2010, Linux operating system distributions are run on 459 of the top 500 supercomputers. • Including the world’s most powerful, IBM’s Sequoia

  18. Linux versus Windows

  19. Linux vs. Windows • Flexible GUI • From Ubuntu, Red Hat, Linspire, … • Small changes between distributions • Free • Difficult to install if an OS already exists • GUI component of OS • All from Microsoft • Sometimes new editions are upgrades, others complete changes • Expensive • Easy to install Linux Windows

  20. Random • Vista drove a lot of people to Linux, if they didn’t stick with XP • Windows gained popularity by being cheaper than Mac. Linux is cheaper than Windows… • Linux requires passwords, whereas you can get away without passwords in Windows • No .exe files, no Internet Explorer, no Registry, not as common

  21. Sources • Operating Systems Concepts Essentials • Chapter 15 • Wikipedia • Linux • Linux Kernel • Linus Torvalds • PC Magazine • Linux vs. Windows

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