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Understanding Pressure and Pascal's Principle in Fluid Mechanics

This resource explores the fundamental concepts of pressure in fluids, including applications of Pascal's principle. It examines how atmospheric pressure can crush a steel can and provides calculations to illustrate how the force exerted by outside pressure can outweigh internal forces. The document also discusses the measurement of gas pressures using manometers and barometers, the role of pressure in breathing, and practical applications like hydraulic systems. This content offers a comprehensive understanding of the principles governing fluid mechanics.

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Understanding Pressure and Pascal's Principle in Fluid Mechanics

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  1. http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/teach_res/jp/fluids/wfluids.htmhttp://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/teach_res/jp/fluids/wfluids.htm http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/teach_res/jp/fluids/ web notes: lect2.ppt pressure3.pdf pascal.pdf

  2. Can you crush a steel can by pumping the air from the inside?

  3. Solution Setup Force to collapse can F = p A Assume atmospheric pressure acts only on outside surface of can p = patm = 1.013105 Pa Need to know outside surface area A of can  need to know dimension of can. Consider a cylinder of radius R = 0.15 m and height h = 0.30 m A = 2(R2) + 2R h Action F = (1.013105){(2)(0.15)2 + (2)(0.15)(0.30)} N F = 4.3105 N How big is this force? Consider a 70 kg person  weight = 700 N  force equivalent to the weight of > 61 people.

  4. How do we breath – get the air in and out of our lungs? http://www.lung.ca/children/grades4_6/respiratory/how_we_breathe.html

  5. How do we breath?

  6. How can you measure the pressure of a gas?

  7. D h A C B How can you measure the pressure of a gas? Manometer measures gauge pressure g h

  8. What is a simple way to measure atmospheric pressure?

  9. What is a simple way to measure atmospheric pressure? A Mercury Barometer h patm patm B C r

  10. How do you measure blood pressure? p = r g h

  11. Why does a brain tumor affect the signal cord?

  12. Why does a brain tumor affect the signal cord?

  13. Pascal's Principle 1653 Blaise Pascal (1623 – 1662) Pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and walls of the containing vessel.

  14. Tennis Ball Impact on Eye A blow to the eye by a tennis ball can cause more damage than one might expect because of the transmission of the pressure to the back of the eye http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pasc2.html

  15. Hydraulic brakes http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pasc2.html

  16. How can a person easily lift a car?

  17. F2 F1 h1 oil h2 A1 A2

  18. p1 = p2 F1 / A1 = F2 / A2 F2 = (A2 / A1) F1 A2 >> A1 F1 << F2 W1 = W2 F1 h1 = F2 h2 F1 h1 = (A2 / A1) F1 h1 h1 = (A2 / A1) h2 A2 >> A1 h1 >> h2 p = F / A W = F x

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