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4000,, ,, 1948,C. N. MooersMIT Information Retrieval

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4000,, ,, 1948,C. N. MooersMIT Information Retrieval

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    2. ??????????? ???????????????

    3. ? ?

    4. ? ? ?????????????????? ?? ?4000??,?????????????,???????????????? ?? ??,?????????,?????????????????????? ??1948?,C. N. Mooers??MIT????????????“Information Retrieval”?????

    5. ???????????????? ???????19????,???????????,?????????,??????????20??50??,1951???????????????,?????????????????????????????????,?? 20??90??,????????????????,???????????????????????Internet????????

    6. ?? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????,????,????????????????,???????????????? ???????????Internet??????,??Internet??????????,??????????????????????????Internet?????,??????????????????,????????????,????????????????????????

    7. ????????????????? ???????????????,???????????????????????????,????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????Internet???????????????

    8. ????????????????? ??????,??????????????,?????????????????????????;????????????????????,?????;??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????:???????;?????????;??????????

    9. ??? ?????? ????

    10. ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????

    11. ??? ?????

    12. ??????? ??????Internet?????,???????????????1997?7?18?,???????????????Internet??????????????????????????,??????,????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    13. ??????????? ?????????,?????????: 1. 1987??1993??????? 1987?9?20?,???????????????ITAPAC?????PAD?,?????ITAPAC???DATEX?P???,???????????“????,????”,????????Internet????????????????????,???????300bps . ??90???,????????????????????????Internet???

    14. ????????? 2.1994????????? 1994?,????????????????????——????????????????(NCFC),?????????????????,???????????????????????????????Sprint????Internet?64K??????????????????????? Internet???NCFC?????????,?1994?5????????Internet???

    15. ???????????????? ???????????????(CHINANET) ???????????????(CERNET) ??????????????(CSTNET) ??????????????(CHINAGBN) ??????????????????Internet??????????,???????????????????????,???????Internet???? 1997?6?,?????????????????????????????????(China Internet Network Information Center, CNNIC),??????????????????

    16. ????Internet ???? IP??:??????????????????,??????????????????Internet??????????,?????????IP???IP??????32?,??4?,??8??????????,???????1~254,?????????????:202.103.229.38?IP????????,????????,????????,???202.103.229????,38????

    17. ??Internet ???? ??:????,IP???????????????????,?????????????????????,??????????????????????????,???????255??????????:???.???.???.????? ??????????????????:Ibmstone.pku.edu.cn,??edu.cn?????????,pku??????,ibmstone??????

    18. ??Internet ???? ??(Home Page) : ????,??????WWW???????????????,?????????????(?????)??????,????????????????????????????????????????

    19. ??Internet ???? ???????:(Hyper Text Mark-up Language??HTML)????WWW?????,????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????,Internet???????????????,???????????????????????

    20. ??Internet ???? ???????(Uniform Resource Location??URL):?????????(Uniform Resource Locator),?????????????????????????:????://?????[:????>/??/???. ??: http://211.64.34.63/gpjs/jiansuoFrameset.htm ????????http??,?211.64.34.63????Web????gpjs???????jiansuoFrameset.htm????(?????????????)

    21. ???????????? 1.????(Telnet)?? 2.????(E-mail)?? 3.????(FTP)?? 4.??????(Usenet) 5.????????????

    22. 1.????(Telnet)?? ????:(Remote-login)?Internet?????????????,????????????Telnet??????????????????????????? ?????????,????????????????????????????????????????????IP??,???????,?????????

    23. ????(Telnet)?? ?? telnet: bbs.tsinghua.edu.cn ????????bbs ?????,??????????????????????,??,?????????????,??????Internet???????? ??,???????????——BBS(Bulletin Board System,???????,????????????),????Telnet??

    24. 3.??????(FTP) · ????:????????????????,?????????FTP(File Transfer Protocol)???????? ???????????????????????????,??????????????????,FTP?????????????Internet????????????????????,???????FTP??,???????????????????????? FTP?Telnet??,??????????????FTP??,???????????????,?????????,??????????????????????(??????????)?

    25. ????(FTP)?? FTP??? ???FTP??????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????FTP???(Anonymous FTP)?????????FTP???????????????????,???Anonymous?????,?????????????????

    26. ????(FTP)?? ??FTP?????Internet?????????FTP???????????????????????????????????FTP????????????:???????????,???????????????????;?????????????????????????FTP???????????????????? ??????????,???ftp??,????????????????: ftp:// rtfm.mit.edu

    27. 4.??????(Usenet) ????:(Network News)?????USENET,??WWW????“??”???????,?????????BBS(???????)?????????????????????(????????)????????????????,??????????

    28. ??????(Usenet) ????????????????????E-mail???????,??????????????,??????????????????????,???????,?????????????????????,??????????????????????????

    29. ??????(Usenet) ?????????Internet????????????????????,??????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    30. ??????(Usenet) ???Usenet??????,????????????(newsreader)????????????????:????????????????????,??????????,??????Unix???,???????????rn(??????????????)? nn? tin?trn

    31. 5.???????????? Gopher:?Internet??????????????,??Internet???????????,????????Internet?????????????????????????,????????,???????????????? Gopher?????Gopher??????,?????????????????????,?????????Telnet???????????

    32. ???????????? Gopher????Internet????Gopher????,???Internet?????“??”?Gopher???????? Gopher?Internet?????????????,?????????????,??????Internet????????????????

    33. ???????????? WWW:?????????(World Wide Web),?????????(Hypertext)?????????,??????Internet?????????????????????,????? (Browser)???????????:???????????,??????????????????,????WWW ?????

    34. ???????????? WWW????Tim Berners Lee?1984??????????????(Hypertext)???,???????????????????,?????????????????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????,??????,?????

    35. WWW?Gopher??? WWW?????????????????????????,????????,????Gopher??????????????????????????????? Gopher??????????,??“?”???;WWW?????,?“?”???,??“???”?

    36. WWW?Gopher??? ??????????,??????????????????????????????,????????????????,(Hypermedia)???=???+???? ??WWW????Internet,????????????????????????,WWW(???)????Internet????,??????????????,?????????“??”??,??????????????????,???Internet?????????????

    37. ??? ??????

    38. ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????

    39. ??????????? ????,?????????????????????? : 1.??????? 2.??????? 3.???? 4.??????

    40. ????????? 1.??????? WWW??TCP/IP????????,???HRL,HTM,HTTP?CGI?????????????????,WWW????????????????????,??????????????HTML??????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????,??????????????????,??????????????????

    41. ????????? 2.???????: ???????????,????,?????????? 3.???? ?????,????????????,???????????? 4.?????? ??????????????????HTML,????????????,???????????????,???????,?????????????,????????????,????????????

    42. ??????????? ??????????,???????????????????: 1??????? 2????? 3????? 4?????? 5?????????

    43. 1??????? Internet?????????????????????.?????????????????: (1) ??????????????????????????, ??Internet????????????????????????? (2) ???????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????

    44. ?????? (3) ??????????????????????????????15000???????????24??????,??OPAC??????????????,?????????,?????????????,???????????????, ???????????

    45. 2????????? ?????????????????????????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,????????: (1)???????????????????????,???????????????????????????????Internet??????

    46. ???????? (2) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (3) ?????????????,???????????????,????????????????????????

    47. ???????? (4) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????,?????????,?????E-mail????????????????????

    48. 3??????? ????????????????????: (1) ??????????????????????????????(??)??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????INTERNET??????????

    49. ?????? (2) ??????????????????????????????????????????Dialog??(http://www.dialogweb.com)?STN (www.cas.org/stn.html)???? (3) ??????????????????Derwent?????IEE??(INSPEC)?

    50. 4???????? ?????????????,????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????Internet???????????????,????????????,???????????

    51. ??????? ??????????? (1)??????? :Bibliographic Database (2)????? :Complete Text Databases (3)??????? :Dictionary Databases (4)?????? :Numeric Databases (5)????????

    52. (1)??????? ?????????????????????,????????,??????????????????????????? ???????????????,? ?????????(EI) ?????????(INSPEC) ?????????(CA)

    53. (2)????? ?????????????????????????,?????.?????????????????????????. ???????????????????????,??????????????????????????,???,??????1985??28%???1995??52%,?????????????,?????????57%???24% ????«???????????»?«?????????»?«???????»????????

    54. (3)??????? ????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,?????????????

    55. (4)????? ??????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????,???????,??????????????????,??????—?????(Textual-numeric Databases)

    56. (5)???????? ????????????????,?????????????????????????????????,?????????????,????????????????????????.

    57. 5????????? Internet??????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????

    58. ????????????? 1.Ei ?????? 2.SCI Expanded( ????????) 3.ISI Proceedings (???????) 4.CSSCI (??????????) 5.ASTP ( ?????????????) 6.CSA (??????) 7.OCLC First Search(??????????)

    59. ??????????? 8.PQDD(????????) 9.USPTO(??????????) 10.CNKI 11.???????? 12.???????? 13.???????

    60. 1.Ei ?????? ??????(Ei),?????????????,?????????????????????,???????????????????. Ei Compendex Web?«????»????,?????Ei Compendex?Ei Page One???????? Ei Compendex Web???Ei Village(?????)?????????????

    61. Ei ?????? Ei Village?????????(Engineering Information Inc)1995???????????????? 1998?4?,Ei Village?????????????????,??,?????????????????????? ????????????????IP????????????????????Ei Village?????

    62. 2.SCI Expanded ( ????????) SCI Expanded????????ISI Web of Science???? Web of Science??????????? ????????? Arts & Humanities Citation Index ???????? Science Citation Index ???????? Social Science Citation Index

    63. 3.ISI Proceedings (???????) ISI proceedings???ISTP???,????????(Institute forScientific Information,??ISI)???? ISI Proceedings??????????: ????????? ISTP ??????????????Index to Social Science & Humanities Proceedings,ISSHP

    64. 4.CSSCI (??????????) CSSCI???????????(Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index)???,???????????????????????????,??????????????????????????

    65. 5.CSSCI (??????????) CSSCI 2000??2001?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????419?,??????????????16?

    66. 6.ASTP (?????????????) ASTP???????????(Applied Science & Technology Plus)??????,???ProQuest Information and Learning???? ????????????:???????????????????????????????769?

    67. 7.OCLC First Search OCLC(Online Computer Library Center)(??????????),????????????,???????????????????? ??1967??????????????,????????????????,??????????? 1979??????????????6600???????,???1.05??

    68. OCLC First Search First Search Service?OCLC?1992????,????????????????????,???17000??????? ???????80?????,??30??????????,????7500??????????3000???????????,?900???????,????????? ??CALIS(????????????)???????????OCLC????11????????,211?61?????????

    69. 8.CSA(??????) CSA?(Cambridge Scientific Abstracts)???,??????????????????? ??CSA????????70??????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????

    70. 9.PQDD (???????????) PQDD(ProQuest Digital Dissertations)????Bell & Howell??????(Bell & Howell Information and Learning)???“????????”????Web ?,????????????????????????????????,???????????????1000??????????????????160????????????????,??????47000??????12000?????

    71. 10.USPTO ?????????? USPTO???????????(United States Patent and Trademark Office)???,???????????????????,???????????? ?????????????????1976?1?1???????????(????????,??????) ?????????????,?????????????????????????????????

    72. 11.CNKI?????????? ???????????CNKI???????????????????CNKI?????????(China National Knowledge Infrastructure)??,?????????????????????(???)???????????????????,?1999?6??«??????(???)»(CAJ-CD)??????(CJN)???????????????????????????????????????????

    73. 12.???????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1989???,??????????????????????? ???????1000?,????12000?,????4000?,??????2000??

    74. 13.???????? ????????(ChinaInfo)??????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????,?????????????????,??????????????

    75. 14.??????? ??????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????,??????????: ?????????????? ?:?????????????????: http://opac.nlc.gov.cn/;

    76. ??????? ??????????, ?:???????????: http://www.d-library.com/index.php ? ????????????????? ??????????,????????????????:??????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????.

    77. ??? ????

    78. ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????,???????????????????????,???????????WWW???????????????:

    79. ?????:???????????,?:???google ?????:?????????????????????,????????????????????????????,???????????????????,?????????????? ?:www.hao123.com????

    80. ???????????

    81. ???????——Archie ?????????,?1990???????McGill University???????Archie(Archie FAQ)?Alan Emtage?????????????????????,?????Archie? Archie??????????????FTP???????,?????????????Archie???????FTP?????,??????????????,??Archie????????FTP??????????

    82. ??????????Gopher ??Archie????,????,Nevada System Computing Services???1993??????Gopher(Gopher FAQ)????Veronica(Veronica FAQ)?Jughead??????Gopher????? ????????????????????????

    83. ?????:????? Yahoo! 1994?4?,???????????,????????David Filo?????(Yahoo)???????????????,Yahoo?????????????????Yahoo!?????????,?????????????,??????????????Yahoo!??????,?????????,???????????Yahoo!---????20??90???????????

    84. ??????????? 1995?,?????????????——?????(Meta Search Engine)?????????????,?????????????????????????????,???????????????????,?????????????? ????????,?Washington????? Eric Selberg ? Oren Etzioni ? Metacrawler???????????,??????????,??????????????????

    85. ?????:????

    86. ???????????

    87. ???????? ?????????????,?????????????????????? ????????????: ???(????????????) ?????(????????) ?????(???????) ?????????,?????????????????????????????

    88. ?????????????

    89. ???:????????? ????????????????Spider????,???????,???????????URL??????,?????,??????????????

    90. ???:??????? ?????????????????????,????????(??????URL??????????????????????????????????????????),??????????????????,????????????????????????????(????),???????????????????

    91. ???:??????? ?????Spider?????????????(??????????,???????????,????????????????????),?????????,?????????????,????????,?????,??????????????????????,??????????????????????????

    92. ???:??????? ???????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????,?????,?????? ??,?????????????????????????????????????

    93. ???:??????? ?????????????????????????,?????????????????????

    95. ?????????? 1.???? ??????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????,??????,?????,??????,??????????,?????????????????????????

    96. 2.????? ?????????????????????????,?????????,??????????????????,????“??”???????????????,???????? (1)??????? (2)??????

    97. ??????????????? ?????????

    98. ???????: ?????? ?Google??????

    99. 1?Google???? Google????????????????????,???????????????? Google ?????????????????,?????????????,????????????? 80 ???????? “Google”???????“Googol”, Googol???? 1 ???? 100 ???Google Int.????????????????????????? ??: http://www.google.com/

    100. Google ??: Larry Page,?????,???? ???????????????? ??,????????????? ???????????????,????????????????????? Eta Kappa Nu ??????????????????????????????,?????? Terry Winograd ??? Google ???Page???????????????????

    101. Google?? Sergey Brin,?????,??????????????,???????????????,????????????????????????????????????,???????????29 ?? Sergey ?????????????????????? ??? Larry Page ???????? Google ?????????1998? ????? Google?

    102. Google?? google??????????????????: google???????24?,?????????; google????132???,???????????; google???????????,?????????; google????,??????15000?????,200??t3???;

    103. Google?? google?????????pagerank??????????????; google???????????; google????????????; google???????????(pdf,doc,swf)

    104. Google?????(??) ???HTML??:????13??HTML?????,?PDF, DOC, PPT, XLS, SWF? ?? ??doc????,????“??? filetype:doc”???

    105. ????:Google ??????,???????????????,?????????????????“????”?,??? Google ?????????????Google ????????????????????(???) ???? :???????????????,???????,??“????” Google ???????????????; Google?????

    106. Google?????

    107. ???? ?????:?????“fy apple” ?????“?? ??” ??:??“??:??”?“define:HTML” ???:Google ?????????????? ????:??“??? ??”?“shanghai tq” Google????????????????????????? ????:??“?? ???”?“YB 150000”? “?? 0451”?“??? QH” ????:??“13123456789”??????????? ????:??“???? ??”?“GP 600028”????????????

    108. Google ????

    109. Google??????? 1?  ?????????????????? ??????????????????“ ”,?google??????“ ”?????“?”??,???????????,???????????????,???????????“????”?“??”??????

    110. Google??????? ??:?????????“????”?“??”????? ??:“???? ??” ???????,?????7?????????????,??????????????????,????????“??”,?????????“???????”? ????????????????“??”?????,????????,???“??”??????,????????“????”?“????”?“????”??

    111. Google??????? 2?  ??????????????? google???“-”????“?”???“a -b”??????a???b???? ??:??????“????”?“??”???“??”? “????”?“????”????? ??:“???? ?? -?? -???? -????”

    112. Google??????? ??:????????? ?? -?? -???? -???????(??)??? ???36,800?????,???1-10? ? ????0.22?? ??:???“ ”?“-”?,?????,????????“ ”?“-”???,????????????,????????“???? - ??”,???????????“????”?“??”???“?”??,???“-”????

    113. Google??????? 3.???????????????????? google????“or”????“?”?????“a or b”,?????,??????,???a,???b,?????a?b???????????????? ??:??????,??????“????”?“??”,??“??”,???????????????????:“archie”?“??”?“lycos”?“yahoo”?

    114. Google??????? ??:“???? ?? archie or ?? or lycos or yahoo -??” ??:????????? ?? archie or ?? or lycos or yahoo -?????(??)??? ???8,400?????,???1-10? ? ????0.16?? ??:“?”????????“OR”,??????“or”?

    115. ???? 1.????? ????????????,?“*”???????,“?”????????google????????????????“*”???????,????“*”???“”??????,“”?*??“”,????????“?”,????“??”?????,???“*”???????? 2.????????? google???????????,“god”?“God”?????????

    116. ???? 3??????????? google?????????(??????),??????(?????)???,???????,???????,????????“?”???? ??:????????????????? ?? “world war i”. ??:???????“world war i”. ???937,000?????,???1-10? ? ????0.06??

    117. ???? 4???????????????? google?????????????????,?“i”?“com”?“www”?,???????“*”?“.”?,?????? ????????????????,??????????????“+”??

    118. ???? ??:????www?????????? ??:“www??? internet” ??:?????????????,?????????: www ?. ?????www??? internet???(??)??? ???75,100?????,???1-10? ? ????0.22?

    119. ???? ????,??“www??? internet”,??????“www”?“?”???????????????“??”?“internet”??????????????????????????????????“www???”???,?????????????????,“www”?“?”?“??”?????,??????????????????????“www???”,????????????????????????

    120. ???? ????????????????,??????????????“+”?? ??:“+www +??? internet” ??:?????+www +??? internet???(??)??? ???25,000?????,???1-10? ? ????0.05?? ???????????????????????????????““world war i””?,“i”???????,????????????,???????????????? ??:?????????(???,??,???)?????????,???????

    121. ???? ???????google???????????????,????????????????????????,????????????????,???????????

    122. ???? 1??????????? “site”:?????????????????????,?“www.sina.com.cn”?“edu.sina.com.cn”,???????,?“com.cn”?“com”??????????????????????,???“-??/??”?

    123. ???? ??:??????????(edu.cn)????????? ???? ??:“???? ?? site:edu.cn” ??:????????? ?? site:edu.cn???(??)??? ???608?????,???1-10? ? ????0.05??

    124. ???? ??:??“????”????? ?????? ???:site:tfcg.net ??? ??:????????????????????? ??:“???? ?? site:tech.sina.com.cn” ??:site?????????,??,????????,??,“site:”???????????????,???????“http://”??,??????“/”?????;?????????“???.??”??,????“??/???”??

    125. ???? 2???????????? filetype: ?google?????????????????????,google????????????,?????????????????,google????????office???.xls?.ppt?.doc,.rtf,wordperfect??,lotus1-2-3??,adobe?.pdf??,shockwave?.swf??(flash??)?????????????pdf???pdf?adobe???????????,??????????????????

    126. ???? ??google???pdf?????2500???,????????????????80%?pdf?????????????????,????????????? ??:??????????office??? ??:“????? filetype:doc or filetype:xls or filetype:ppt” ??:???office?????????,?????

    127. ???? 3.?????????url??? inurl:????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??“mp3”?“gallary”?,??,????inurl????????????,??,???????????????????inurl????????????????,??????????????

    128. ???? ??:??midi?“?????”? ??:“inurl:midi “?????”” ??:“inurl:”???????,google???url???“/”???????,google??“cgi-bin/phf”??“/”???????

    129. ???? “allinurl”?????????????????????????????????????????? ??:??????phf?????????????????cgi-bin?????phf????(?????????),????????“??/cgi-bin/phf”? ??:“allinurl:"cgi-bin" phf +com” ??:???????allinurl:"cgi-bin" phf +com. ???51?????,???1-10? ? ????0.11??

    130. ???? 4??????????????? “intitle”?“allintitle”?????????inurl?allinurl,?????url????,???????????????????,??html????title????????????????????????????????????????????,??????,????????????????? ??:??????????????? ??:“intitle:???? "???"”

    131. ???? 5.?????????url????? ???????????,?????????????????????“link”??????????????? ??:????????????“www.newhua.com”?????? ??:“link:www.newhua.com”

    132. ???? ??:“link”????????????,??“link:”???????,???google???????????,link???google?????????,????,??????google?????????????,????????

    133. ???? ??????,link?????????????,?????????????????,???????????,??????????????????,????????,??????????,??,???link?????????????,?????????????????

    134. ???? google??????390,000,000???,?????“??????????????”????????,google?????????,??????altavista???????,??????????????av,????av????????????altavista???????????????????,google??????????????

    135. ???? google????“??”??????google???????“images.google.com”???????????????????????,?“britney spears”,?????????????????? ?????????????????????,???????????????????

    136. ???? google?????????????????????“+ ”?“-”?“or”?“site”? “filetype:”???“filetype:”???????????????,?jpg,gif?? ??:???????????? ??:“?? or ?? site:sina.com.cn” ??:???? ?? or ?? site:sina.com.cn ???? ??6?????,???1-6?? ????0.36??

    137. ???? images.google.com???????????,??????????? ????,??????????????,??,???????,???????????????????????????(???????“ben ladin photo”),?????????,???????,????????????????????????,images.google.com????? ?

    138. ???? ?????google????????????????????: ??, ?????????,????????google????,??google???????? ??, ????????????????????????,??????google????????????,????????????? ??, ????????????,?????????????,??????google??,?????google???????????

    139. ???? ????,??????????????????????????????????????,google?????????!!?????????????????????????????,????????

    140. ???? ???????:“big bang site:fr”??????????????????????????: the big bang website - [ translate this page ] ... a propos de big bang. le dernier numιro en date. les anciens numιros. autres activitιs. concerts progressifs en france. emissions de radio. liens. perso.club-internet.fr/calyx/bigbang/ - 3k - cached - similar pages ???????,??“translate this page”???????,?,??????,??????“big bang”??????,??????...

    141. Google ???? ???? ????????????google???????????????,????????“tutorial”,??????????“tatorial”???,????,???google????,?????:“????????: tutorial ”,??,???????

    142. Google ???? ???? ???????,????????????????google???????google????????????,??????????????????????????????????,??????????,????“????”?????????

    143. ??? ???? ????

    144. ????

    145. ??????(Google)

    147. ????“?????”

    148. ??????? ??????????????????????????,?????????????,????????????????:??????????????,??????:“???”?“???”?

    149. ??????

    150. ?????? ???????: ?? ?????????? “” ??????? + ?????? - ?????? Intitle ????????? Site ?????????? ??????????????????????

    151. ??????????? ??????????????????????,???????????? ?NOT?AND??,?OR?????????????AND? ??,???AND??????OR??????NOT???????????????

    152. ??????????? ??????????????: ???(*)????(+)????(-)? ??:???????????,?«???????»?,?????“+”,???????????»

    153. ???(AND)* ?? ??A?B??????,?A*B??A?B?????????“???”???,????????????

    154. ???(AND)* ?? ????????????????????,????“??”?“??”,???????,????????????????“??*??”,???????????“??”?“??”???,?????????

    155. ???(AND)* ?? ??????,“???”??????? ??,????“????”?????,???«??????????»?????,????«???????»?«????????»????????“??*??”?????,???????????

    156. ???(OR)+ ?? A+B,??A?B???????????(??A?B???????)?“???”???,????????

    157. ???(OR)+ ?? ???????????????,?????????,??“??”,??540?????????????????????“??”??,??????“??”?“??”,????“??+??+??”???,????608??

    158. ???(NOT)- ?? A-B,??A????,????B?“???”???,???????????????????

    159. ????????? ??????????????????,???“??”?????????????????:-?????,*??,+??? ??????????????,???“(?+?)*?”?“?*?+?*?”,????“?+?*?”?“?+?*?”??????“?”?????????“?”?“?”???,??????????????????????

    160. ????????? ??????,???????????????,???????????“????”?????,??????“????”?“????”?????? “????”?????,????????,??????????????,?????

    161. ????????? ??????“???”???,???????“???”??,???“???”?“??”,?????? ????????????????,????????????????,?????“????”??????

    162. “????”???????????????????“???”??????“??”?“???”?“???”???????????????,??“???”,????“??”?“???”?“???”?“????”?“??????”??? ??:??????“?”,????????“*” ?????????

    163. ????????? “????”???????????????????????,??“??”,????????????“??”?????,?«??????»?«???????»?«??????????????»??

    164. ???????? ??1:??? ??????????,?????????????????,?????????,????????“???”?“???”?“???”?“???”?“???”?“???”6???,????“????”?“????”???,?????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????

    165. ???????? ??2:?????? ?,??“??”, ????????“??”?????,???????????????????????????????????,????????????????????,?????????????,??????“?? ????”??????????,???????????

    166. ???????? ??3:?????? ????????,????“Java”,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????,?????????????????????????????????????“?? ??”?“?? ??”?“Java ??”??????????????

    167. ??4:???????? ????????????????????:“????????”?“???????????”?“????????”?“??????????”? ??????:“?????? ??”?“???? ?? ??”?“??? ??”“?? ?? ?? ???”? ????????

    168. ??,“??????????”???????????“??????”?“????”???;????????????,???????“?? ????”(?????????“??”,???“????”)?“?? ??”?

    169. ??5:???????? 2001?7?23????,??????,??????????100?????????????????????,???????????????????????????,????????????????????,?????????????,?????????????,?????????????????? ????????

    170. ???????? ??,?????????,?:????????,???frame(????)?????????,?????????????????,????????????,??,?????????,???????????

    171. ????????? ????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????

    172. ??? ??????

    173. ?????? ??“??”??????? ????? ?? ??? ??:?????,????????????“??????????”??????4????“?? ?? ?? ??”??????????2?,?20?????????? ????,«??»????????????????????,???GOOGLE???????????? ?????????????????,????????«??»???“?? ?? ??”???OK,??10??????“??”????????????«?????»??“???????,???????”???“?? ?????”?????<???>748???????

    174. ?????? ??? [??],????“???”,??????????????????????????“?” ?, ??:?????????,?????? ???: ?????"???"??? ??: [??? ? | ?? | ??| ? | ?](Google?baidu??) [??? ? OR ?? OR ??OR ? OR ?] (?google)

    175. ?????? ? ??:???????????,????????,?????????. ??:[??? ???? -??]  ??:??[??? ????]????????,??????,??????????,?????????????,???????????,???????????"??"???????????????,????"??"?,????????????????.

    176. ?????? ???: ????????T3?????? ??:? [???T3] ??:???????,????????,??????,???"???**"?????????. ??[???????]?[??????] ?[????wdl??] ?[???????] ?[??????] ?[???????] ?[????bios] ?[????????]

    177. ?????? ? ??: ??“??”????? ??:[?? ? ?? ??]? ??:?????????????????,???????????, ???????,????????????????????,???????????????????????????.??CNNIC???,????[?? ? ?? ?? cnnic],??????????????????????,???????,?[?? ? ??]?

    178. ?????? ? ??:???????? ??:[?? ??]? ??:??????“????”??????,???????????,????“????”,?????????

    179. ?????? ? ??:???????????????????,???????????“qidi”?(??),????????????????? ??:[qidi]?3721? ??:3721????????????,????????????,??????,????3721?????

    180. ?????? ???:?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??:[?????] [?????] [?????] ??:1)???????,????????; 2)????,???"?"?"???",?"??????"?"??? ?????" 3)???????????????"quot;?"??????????,??,?????"??????"?",?"??????",????"?????"?"?",?"????";

    181. ?????? 4)??????????????,??,?????????????????????,????????? 5)????????????,???????"?? ???""?? ??""?? ??",????????,????,??????,????????

    182. ?????? ? ??:??3??????????2?,?????????????,???????????????????????????(???????????) (A)???????????,?????? (B)???????????????? (C)????????????? (D)???????? ?? AB

    183. ?????? ??: ?????????????3~5??????????,????"??? && 5? && ????"??????????????????????????????????????5???????,??????????????????????????,???????????????48????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????

    184. ?????? ???:????:?????????? ????“????”??,??????,“????”???? ??:[????] ?google image ??: google????????spider?,??????,???????????????????,??????,????????

    185. ?????? ???:???.doc?????.htm??,???.doc????,?????????.htm??????????? ??:[doc ???htm??]? ??:?????????????????????,????????????,???????????????"?????????????????"????????????????,?????????

    186. ?????? ? ??: ????????,????????,?????????????????????????????(?2001?10??????????) ??:[?? ?? ?? ???] [?? ?? ???] [?????][?? ??-??][???? ?? ??][???? ?? ??][?? ?? ??]?

    187. ??:1.???????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????,????????????"2001?10? ????? ?? ??",???,?????????,????????????????????????,????"2001? ????? ??"??"????? ??"???"?????"?????,????????????????,?????????24??,?????,??????????,????????

    188. ?????? ??,??????????????????,????????????????????????--?(www.gaocan.com)?????????????????????????? ?????,?????????????????????????????,????"??"???????????????,???????,?????????,???????????"?????????,??????????????????????……"??????,??????????????????24?????,???????????????

    189. ?????? 2.??????????????,?????,????????????,?????????,?????????,?????????,????????????????,????????"?????"??"?????"?????????????????,?????????????????????????"?? ??? ?? ??"?????????????????????,?????"????????16.40 ----???????16.33"???????24?? 3.??"?????",??????,?easy?,?????????????????

    190. ?????? ? ??????????,????,??????????sauwohl2000@yahoo.com,???????? ?? sauwohl2000@yahoo.com ??:??????????????????????????????email,??????????????????

    191. ?????? ? ???????,???????????????“65290999”,??????????,??????,??????? a. ????? b. ???? c. ???? d. ???? ??:c. ???? ??:??????????????“65290999”?????????,????????????????????????

    192. ?????? ???: ????????,??????"?????"(???????,????),????????????????,????????????,??????????,????????? ??:[???????]?3721 ??: ????????,??"?? ?????",??,???????????????????:"???????,????quot;,????????????????3721???????"?????",????????????"???????"????,????????"???????"???,???????????

    193. ????????? www.sowang.com

    194. ??? ??????????????

    195. «?????????»??: ?????????????????????????????????,??????500???,??1500???,?????,126????????,??«????????????»?«??????(???)»?«???????????»?????

    196. «?????????» ????:????6600????????????????? ????:??A(????)???B(?????????)???C(????)???????????????????????????? ??????????? ????:1994????2001???????“????”??,??4000?????????????????????????? ????:????????,???????

    197. ??????:????????? ??????:????? ??????:??????????; ???????:???????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? «?????????»????

    198. ??????: ?????????????????????????????????????????[??]??????????????????? ?????????????????????????????……???

    199. ??????,??“??”??????????,??“??”????“??”??????,??????????????????,????“??”??????,??“??”??,??????? ?????,??????????,????????????????????? ??:???????????????(?????) ?«???????????????»????????:????????????????????????

    200. 2? ????????? ?????     ?????????????????????????????????????????,?????2000-2001?30000???????????? ????:??????300???????????/???????20000? ????:?«?????????»????? ????:2000???? ????:?«?????????»

    201. 3.???????????? ??????????????????apabi??????,?????????22???????????3??? ????: 1??????????????????“????????????(????)”??,??“??Apabi??????”? 2??????????:

    202. ???????????? (??????????) ???:???????(???)?,???? ;???????(???)???,?????????(?????????)?,???? ; ???????:?????? ??Apabi Reader?? ??,?????Apabi Reader?????

    203. ???????????? ??????: ?????????????????????????; ???"???????"??????; ??"????"?"????"??????

    204. ???????????? 3???????: ???????????,?????????,?????“????”????“??”????????????????????????????“???”?,?????“???”????? ? ?????????,??????????«Apabi Reader????»

    205. 4?????????? ???????????«?????????»??,???????????9????????????:?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    206. ????????????? 1????????——???????????,?????????????? 2????????????“??”,??????,????????,??????????? 3???????“????”,?????“?????”?????????? 4??????“??”,???????????

    207. ????????? ????????????????????,??????,??"??",???????????? ???????,?"????"?????????,?????????????????????????????????????ISBN?????????????? ???????,????????: ?????:????????????????? ????:????????????????,,????????

    208. 5.????????? ???????????«???????»??,?????????????6??????:????????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ? ???????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????

    209. 6.????????? ????????????????????????,?????????4???,?????5???,?????????????????????????????????2???? ??????????????

    210. 7.????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????,?????????????,?????????,??????????????????4769????,247?????3??????

    211. ????????? ??????????????PDF???????????MBA???????,??,PDF??????????????????????????????

    212. ????????? ??????????:??????????????????????????????????????????????????????;???????????????????????????? ??????????

    213. 8.????????? ?????????(???)????????????????????????????????????????,?1999?????????????????????????????????,?????????????????,????????????,???????

    214. ????????? ???????510??,??????????????????????«????????»,???????7???:???????????????????????????????????

    215. ????????? 7???????24???:???????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ????? ????????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????

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