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Grapevine Irrigation Management

Learn the essentials of grapevine irrigation management for optimal vineyard productivity. Understand soil moisture, plant water status, and physiological responses to improve grape quality. Develop irrigation plans with knowledge of Eto, Kc, and soil characteristics to ensure proper grapevine hydration.

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Grapevine Irrigation Management

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  1. Grapevine Irrigation Management Dr. Robert L. Wample April 1, 2004

  2. Management(Webster’s Dictionary) • To handle or direct with a degree of skill • To treat with care • To alter by manipulation • To achieve one’s purpose (goal) 273 0 32 273K 0C 32F

  3. Irrigation ManagementNo More RDI! Eto x Kc = Etc Soil moisture Water potential (Plant water status) + Information Knowledge Wisdom

  4. Grapevine IrrigationManagement Plant Water Status And Physiological Response Evaporative Demand Eto x Kc = Etc Soil Moisture Management

  5. Grapevine Irrigation Management Plant Water Status Pressure chamber Shoot growth rate Leaf temperature

  6. InfraRed and Air TemperatureMeasurement • Objective: • Simultaneous measurement of leaf and air temperature • Supplement or replacement of pressure chamber • Geolocation of data • Fast (~ 10 seconds)

  7. Grapevine Irrigation Management Eto (class “A” pan or calculated) Published information Weather Stations Eto x Kc = Etc (expenditures) Crop Coefficient (Kc) Published Information Larry Williams Technique (% shade area at solar noon X 0.017) + cover crop if present

  8. Grapevine Irrigation Management Neutron Probe Capacitance Probes Tensiometers (?) Soil Sampling Tube Shovel Steel Rod Soil Moisture (bank account)

  9. Grapevine Water Requirements • When: • budbreak to flowering (<5%) • flowering to fruit set (15%) • fruit set to veraison (60%) • veraison to harvest (20%) • harvest to leaf fall (dormancy) (3-5%) • How much Irrigation: • On a worldwide basis 0-30 acre-inches

  10. Grapevine Irrigation Management • Developing an irrigation plan • setting goals for your vineyard • acquire information • Eto, • Kc, • precipitation(total and seasonal) • know your soils (variability)depth, profile, water holding capacity, infiltration rate (This is the vines “water bank account”) • evaluate your water supply (reliability, quality) • Plant water status

  11. Grapevine Irrigation Management • Developing an irrigation plan (cont.) • know your vines • rootstock, root system • general health (nematodes, phylloxera, etc.) • understand the “banking system” • deposits (precipitation and irrigation) • withdrawals (evaporation, transpiration) • bank charges (bound water, deep percolation, impenetrable barriers)

  12. Grapevine Irrigation Management • Developing an irrigation plan (cont.) • understand the “economics of water use” • changes in seasonal withdrawals • benefits or costs of low balance • the ability to increase your bank balance • timeliness • quantity • UNDERSTAND YOUR IRRIGATION SYSTEM

  13. Grapevine Irrigation Management • THERE ARE NO SILVER BULLETS • THIS IS A HIGHER LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT • REQUIRES AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ANNUAL CYCLES OF GRAPEVINE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSIOLOGY • GRAPEVINES ARE VERY TOLERANT OF WATER STRESS

  14. NIR SPECTROSCOPYAND WINEMAKING BRIMROSE CORP OF AMERICA Baltimore, Maryland USA

  15. Radio Cosmic Gamma X IR Micro UHF UV Short Long Medium Ultra violet Vis Infrared Near Mid = 1 400 750 2.500 16.000 1.000.000 nm What is NIR? • Small portion of electromagnetic spectrum (700-2500 nm) • No sample preparation -- direct measurement on bulk sample • Non-destructive

  16. What is NIR? • Simultaneously measurements for different properties within second(s) • Can measure chemical and physical properties • Good for all sample types --solids, liquids, powders, slurries, pastes, gels, gases, etc.

  17. Monochrome light Zero order beam Monochrome light How AOTF Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter scans NIR spectrum Scans extremely rapidly by the very nature of piezoelectric pulsing White light RF MHz

  18. Why Acousto Optic Tunable Filter(AOTF) Spectrometer? AOTF AnalyzerVSTraditional Scanning Monochromators • Scanning speed: 30-40 spectra per second (16,000 wav/sec) • Solid state, no moving parts • High signal to noise • No Wavelength re-calibration required • Capability to measure in Ambient light • Miniature, robust design • Scanning speed: 1 spectra per second • MANY moving parts • Good signal to noise • Wavelength re-calibration required frequently • Ambient light can be problem • Laboratory based BenchTop design

  19. APPLICATION CALIBRATION • Collect samples • Acquire spectra with spectrometer • Test samples to acquire reference data • Add spectra and reference data to model • Create prediction program

  20. Advantages of AOTF-NIR Analyzers • Portable: vineyard and/or cellar • Ease of use • Real-time Simultaneous measurements of different properties • Connectivity with GPS • Downloads to computer system via WIRELESS ETHERNET connection automatically • Economical, year round use • Allows for individual research and calibration

  21. CURRENT APPLICATIONS FOR RIPENING GRAPES • Measures sugar (degrees Brix) • Measures pH • Measures titratable acid • Displays results as a frequency distribution

  22. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR RIPENING GRAPES • Gross phenolics • Tannins • Anthocyanins/ color • Berry texture, cell wall breakdown • Fructose/glucose ratio • Seed hardness

  23. Thankyou

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