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The Curious Case of Texas

The Curious Case of Texas. HUSH - Libertyville HS. First Mexican Republic declared, 1821 Mexican Republic knew about manifest destiny idea of Americans. Texas Annexation. Texas Annexation. Mexican colonization offer 177 acres farmland or 13000 acres pasturage for FREE, per family!

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The Curious Case of Texas

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  1. The Curious Case of Texas HUSH - Libertyville HS

  2. First Mexican Republic declared, 1821 Mexican Republic knew about manifest destiny idea of Americans Texas Annexation

  3. Texas Annexation • Mexican colonization offer • 177 acres farmland or 13000 acres pasturage for FREE, per family! • Promised republican gov’t, liberty • Purpose? Deflection (empresario) • Mexico demands of colonists • Learn Spanish • Become Mexican citizens • Adopt Catholicism • Offer Mexico goods for sale first • No slaves! • By 1830: 20,000 Americans in TX with 5000 slaves 1833 map showing land grants to empresarios

  4. Texas Annexation: Santa Anna • Santa Anna take over government, 1824 • Dissolves Mexican Republic, established federal system and military dictatorship • 1830: Santa Anna prohibits further Anglo settlers into TX • Texas – many Anglo settlers want to break away

  5. Texas Annexation: Revolution • March 2, 1836: Texans declare independence from Mexico • 1824 Mexican Constitution changed • Colonization guarantees had not been honored • US style constitution, protecting slavery

  6. Texas Annexation: War! • Santa Anna leads army into Texas • March 6, 1836 - Alamo falls (US – Travis, Jim Bowie, Davy Crockett) • Massacre at Goliad • April 21 - Battle of San Jacinto • Texan Army under Sam Houston defeats Santa Anna; Santa Anna captured • Treaty of Velasco signed, ending hostilities “Last Stand at the Alamo”

  7. Texas Annexation: “Lone Star Republic” • Treaty est. Rio Grande as border • Guaranteed TX independence • Mexico refused to recognize treaty (duress) • Sam Houston elected President of the “Lone Star Republic” Sam Houston

  8. Supporters Texans Southerners Slave States Expansionists (pro Manifest Destiny) Potential southern advantage in Congress Opponents Northerners Fear of South’s power in Congress TX revolution as Southerner conspiracy Concern over war with Mexico Texas Annexation: The Debate Texas asked to join the Union in 1836. . .

  9. Annexation: Jackson’s Position • Houston a friend of Jackson • Fellow slave owner • Pro-expansion Westerner • BUT Jackson’s primary concern was his successor: Election of Van Buren • No action Annexation

  10. Annexation: Van Buren’s Position • Anti-Slave (from NY) • Presidency occupied by Panic of 1837 • No action • Texas dropped its annexation request in 1838 Annexation

  11. Annexation: Harrison and Tyler • Harrison: no action due to his death • Tyler • Southern slave owner • Pro Texas annexation • Treaty for annexation signed, 1844 BUT rejected by Senate • Called for annexation by a joint resolution: passed March 1845 (Mexico reaction) • TX formally joined Union December 29, 1845 • FL became state on March 3, 1845, Tyler’s last day of Pres.

  12. Mexican-American War (1846-48) • Mexico refused to recognize US’ 1845 annexation of TX • Claimed TX as breakaway province • Texas claimed its southern border with Mexico = Rio Grande; Mexico said border was Nueces R (150 miles N)

  13. Polk provoked war Placed Gen. Taylor, 3,500 troops at Nueces R. Told Pacific naval squadron to seize CA ports, if war Sent John Fremont (explorer) into CA in 1845-46 to lead revolt against Mexico (“playing the TX game”) November 1845 – offered $25 million to buy land from Mexico (refused) Mexican –American War (1846-48)

  14. Mexican American War • Polk ordered Taylor to Rio Grande • 63 US troops attacked by 2000 Mexican troops between Rio Grande and Nueces R • Polk: Mexico “shed American blood on American soil” • Congress declared war

  15. Opposition to War • Sectional divisions explained opposition • Northerners feared growing “Slave Power” • Also wanted to deepen economy w/ industrialization, not broaden it w/ new land • Southerners wanted expansion of slavery • North population growing faster, feared losing edge in House Slave auction, c. 1840

  16. Opposition to War: “Spot Resolutions” • Abraham Lincoln (W) introduced “Spot Resolution” • Questioned where the spot was that US blood was shed • Anti-war resolution; never acted upon by Congress • Gained him notoriety

  17. Area of Mexican Cession (yellow part = Gadsen Purchase of 1853) Mexican cession gained for US territory to Pacific CA NV UT AZ With 1853 Gadsen Purchase, Mexico lost 2/3 of its territory, but only 8000 Mexican families Mexican Cession

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