1. Cold Weather Camping Chris Gaffney & David Gaffney

2. Surviving the Cold • Dress in Layers • Check the Weather • Adjust for Conditions • Ensure Equipment is Properly Maintained • Plan Ahead

3. Hypothermia • Core Body Temperature drops, shivering • Combination of Temperature and time • Moisture is your enemy • First Aid • Heater if available • Warm liquids • Change out of wet clothing • Sleeping Bag with another person • Fire

4. Frostbite • Exposed areas of the body freeze • First cold, then loss of feeling, eventually affected area dies • First Aid • Warm affected areas slowly • Get out of wet clothes • Encourage blood flow

5. Hydration • Keep hydrated • Burning more calories, therefore using more water • Dehydration not obvious

6. Cold Weather Equipment

7. Sleeping Bags • Key Concerns • Temperature Rating • Appropriate to climate conditions • http://www.phdesigns.co.uk/techtemp.php? • Cost Variation: $50-1900 • Construction Quality • Fit of Sleeping Bag • Weight • Type of Materials • The Sleeping Bag is Your Best Friend • Liner

8. Sleeping Pad • Types: • Air Mattress • Closed Cell Foam • Insulated • Make Sure you pick the right type of pad for the temperature • R-Value: Temperature Rating • Insulated Sleeping pads have a higher R-value

9. Transportation • Snowshoes • Cross Country Skis • Dog Sleds • Crampons • Snowmobiles

10. Tents • 3 season vs 4 season • Single Wall • Double wall • Rigidity vs weight • Colors • Chimney?

11. Stoves and Food • Gas Stoves don’t work as well as liquid fuel stoves • You will burn through more fuel per day • Your caloric intake needs to be higher than normal

12. Misc. Equipment • Ice Axes • Emergency Shovels • GPS Beacon

13. Cold Weather Clothing

14. Baselayers • Should be made of moisture wicking fabrics • Absolutely NO COTTON. • Traps heat close to the body • Dense Thick Material • Fabrics: Silk, Wool, Synthetics • Tops, Bottoms, Socks

15. Mid Layers • Mad out of Medium Density Fabrics • Absolutely NO COTTON. • Fabrics: Synthetics, Fleece, Wool, Down • Creates pockets of Warm Air

16. Boots • Should be waterproof • Try tying laces with gloves on • Wear at least 2 pairs of heavy winter socks when trying on to ensure a proper fit • Insulation is not necessary, but it is welcomed • Gaiters are great to keep out the snow

17. Outer Layers • Windproof • Waterproof • Absolutely NO COTTON. • Fabrics: any clothing with a waterproof/windproof finish. • Water Resistant DWR finish vs Waterproofing

18. Accessories • Hat • Gloves • Mittens: wear over gloves in extreme cold • Face Mask • Sunglasses/Goggles: Extremely Important with snow and Ice