Pluralists argue that

1. There are only few influential groups that shape policymaking majority always rules politics is shaped by competition between groups many access points diminish group influence c Pluralists argue that

2. Democratic theory elite theory pluralism interest group liberalism d The idea of powerful groups and weak government is most closely associated with

3. One-tenth one-sixth one-fourth one-third b The % of the federal budget devoted to national defense is

4. To abolish slavery not to count slaves in determining representation to Congress to sanction slavery officially to limit future import of slaves d Regarding the issue of slavery, the delegates to the Constitution Convention agreed

5. Enables persons detained by authorities to secure an immediate inquiry into the causes of their detention allows for punishment of people without judicial trial Allows for people to be punished for acts that were not illegal when originally committed narrowly defines rules of evidence for treason a A writ of habeas corpus

6. Senate House of Representatives President Supreme Court b In the Madisonian model of government, majority rule is accomplished by the

7. Constitution was a class based document Constitution was a conspiracy of the framers Constitution did not need a Bill of Rights Constitution would benefit creditors c Which of the following was not an Anti-Federalist argument?

8. Marbury vs. Madison Gibbons vs. Ogden McCullogh vs. Maryland Miranda vs. Arizona b The power of the commerce clause was expanded through

9. Coin money tax establish courts charter banks a The Constitution grants the national government exclusive power to

10. National supremacy National supremacy and judicial review National supremacy and implied powers Implied power c McCullogh vs. Maryland established

11. National government dominates in policymaking there are distinct powers and policies at the state and national levels policymaking is shared between levels states are supreme b In dual federalism the

12. Extended the principle of unreasonable searches and seizures to the states established the exclusionary rule required probable cause protected individuals from self-incrimination a In Mapp vs. Ohio, the Supreme Court

13. Private individuals courts Congress state and local officials d In Miller vs. California, defining obscenity was left up to

14. Dred Scott vs. Sandford Plessey vs. Ferguson Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Swann vs. Charlotte-Mecklenberg SD b The Supreme Court upheld segregation with

15. Campaigned primarily against de jure segregation appeal largely in the South Campaigned primarily against de facto segregation advocated only civil disobedience c Which of the following statements about Malcolm X is the most accurate?

16. Fifteenth Amendment Seventeenth Amendment Nineteenth Amendment Twenty-fourth amendment c Suffrage for women was achieved with the

17. Put issues on the policy agenda see their constituents test political reactions take opinion poll data c Trial balloons are used by politicians to

18. Mirror reality show more bad news than good news focus on stories that generate good pictures overemphasize dramatic events a The news media tends to do all of the following except

19. Developed as offshoots of a a major party promoted specific causes developed as an extension of a popular presidential aspirant all of the above d Throughout American history, third parties have

20. Rise in ticket-splitting Rise in electoral volativity Rise in turnout Rise in registered independent voters c Which of the following statements about political parties is false?

21. Limited the amount individuals could contribute to their own campaigns extended right of free speech to PACs required PACs to register with FEC declared FEC unconstitutional b Buckley vs Valeo

22. Increase costs of campaigns Weaken party control over nominations allow for ‘outsiders’ to achieve nomination all of the above d Which statement about primaries is true

23. Rational behavior civic duty political efficacy political socialization c The belief that ordinary people can influence the government is known as

24. Magnifies mandates each state has as many electors as Representatives in most states there is a winner take all system encourages two party system b Which of the following statements about the Electoral College is false?

25. Promote collective goods pursue narrow interests dislike compromise suffer from free-rider problems a Which of the following is not true of single issue groups?

26. Writ of certiorari Amicus curiae brief Writ of appeal Writ of habeas corpus b A written argument submitted by an interest group to a court is

27. Pork barreling Logrolling Blackmail Lobbying b Congressional trading of votes is known as

28. Armed services Rules and administration Foreign relations Ways and means d Which committee does not exist in the Senate?

29. Command lead control persuade d Richard Neustadt emphasized that presidential power is the power to

30. Speaker of the House President pro tempore of the Senate Secretary of State Senate majority leader a After the vice president, the next person in order of succession is

31. Is vetoed becomes a pocket veto becomes law goes back to Congress c If a bill sits on the president’s desk for 10 days it then

32. Regulatory reforms pushed by groups regulation of economic monopolies control of regulators by regulatees Congressional influence through budget c The idea of ‘capture’ refers to

33. Organizations are governed by standard operating procedures organizations are shaped by role socialization outcomes are a result of bargaining outcomes are a result of trial and error d In the ‘garbage can’ model of bureaucracy

34. Original intent Literalism Loose construction Stare decisis b Supreme Court decision making based upon the wording of the Constitution is known as

35. Majority opinions dissenting opinions concurring opinions opposing opinions c Opinions written to support a majority decision and stress a different constitutional basis are