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Bing Zeng (Room: 2434) Email: eezeng@ust.hk Office Tel: 2358-7058 GSM: 9418-1354

Elec 4140 : Speech and Image Compression Fall Semester 20 11 Tue and Thu (16:30 – 17:50) Room 2504. Bing Zeng (Room: 2434) Email: eezeng@ust.hk Office Tel: 2358-7058 GSM: 9418-1354. Welcome. Introduction Entropy coding Quantization Transform coding Predictive coding

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Bing Zeng (Room: 2434) Email: eezeng@ust.hk Office Tel: 2358-7058 GSM: 9418-1354

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  1. Elec4140: Speech and Image CompressionFall Semester 2011Tue and Thu (16:30 – 17:50)Room 2504 Bing Zeng (Room: 2434) Email: eezeng@ust.hk Office Tel: 2358-7058 GSM: 9418-1354 Welcome

  2. Introduction Entropy coding Quantization Transform coding Predictive coding Hierarchical coding JPEG standards Interframe coding Motion estimation Course outline Applicable to any kind of signals (speech, voice, image, video, etc.)

  3. H.261/H.263/H.263++/H.264 MPEG-1/2/4 and … Sub-band/wavelet coding Vector quantization Special topics Packet video Visual contents over IP and wireless networks Audio coding Speech coding Course outline(cont.) Applicable to any kind of signals (speech, voice, image, video, etc.)

  4. For all students: No homework! One midterm (20%, on Oct. 18, during the lecture hours) On final (40%) Two (mini) projects (20% + 20%): UG students can team up (maximum 2); PG students need to do them independently Or any other formula as long as it makes sense How to grade?

  5. Lecture notes Accessible at our course website Updating from time to time References: Majid Rabbani and Paul W. Jones, Digital Image Compression Techniques, vol. TT7, SPIE Optical Engineering Press, 1991. Vasudev Bhaskaran and Konstantinos Konstantinides, Image and Video Compression Standards, Algorithms and Applications, 2nd Edition, Kluwer, 1997. Yao Wang, Jorn Ostermann, and Ya-Qin Zhang, Video Processing and Communications, Prentice Hall, 2002. Course material

  6. Rate-distortion curve Distortion R-D curve Rate

  7. Image representation

  8. Low resolution browsing

  9. x x Zooming

  10. x x Panning around

  11. JPEG CANNON Powershot 11, resulting in about 1.04 MB

  12. JPEG pictures over 2.5G/3G • 1040 KB = 1040 x 8 Kb = 8,320 Kb in total • Need 8,320/16 = 520 seconds  over 8 minutes for transmission over 2.5G-GPRS (at 16 Kb/s) • Over 3G? • Moreover, protection must be added before transmission so that perhaps 15-20 minutes (or more) are needed! • What do you think? Acceptable? • What about bit-errors (at degree of magnitude 10-2 ~ 10-3) that occur in the wireless transmission?

  13. 2 hours of high-quality DVD (at 1 MB/s) 2 x 60 (minutes) x 60 (seconds) = 7,200 MB = 7.2 GB in total Keeping 1 MB/s bandwidth for each client is still a dream! Downloading it at today’s popular Ethernet (at 10 Mb/s) needs about 2 hours – acceptable? What can we do? Video mobile-phone over 3G (at ~1 Mb/s) Acceptable in CIF/QCIF frames (288 x 352/144 x 176) at 10-30 frames per second Questions: what would be the price (1 Mb/s is 60 times faster than GSM/GPRS) and how about the battery-life? Your experience!!! Video over IP

  14. Streaming Bandwidth needed: ~1MB/second Peak hours (8pm-11pm) only every day Bottleneck not at the last mile, but at the connection between each residential complex to the service center Downloading Bandwidth needed: ~10MB/second (or ~100Mb/second) 24 hours a day (on the push-up mode) All contents are stored at each complex and updated from time to time Streaming versus downloading (for movies)

  15. Computing power Networking Two important resources

  16. Moore’s Law 100X in 10 years 10,000X in 20 years Even faster for disk & memory Not just computing: Graphics doubles every 6 months Storage doubles every 8 months Memory, LCD, … If cars follow: 1 billion times faster 0.01 RBM 1,000.00 1,000.00 100.00 100.00 10.00 10.00 1.00 0.10 1.00 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 10,000.00 1,000.00 100.00 10.00 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 Trend 1: Computing everywhere

  17. PC$1,000 PDA / 电话$100 电视 / 掌上 PC$10 饼干? 椅子?$1 摩尔定律及其发展 - “免费” 计算 • 贝尔定律 • 性能不变，价格指数下降。 • 现有1000亿微处理器 - 远比人口还多! 18 月 2倍 价格指数 大型机 $100,000 时间

  18. 摩尔定律及其发展 - 无处不在的计算

  19. No more doubt about value of more bandwidth Metcalfe’s Law: N cost; N2 value S e t T o p B o x S e t T o p B o x V O D S e r v e r V O D S e r v e r PC/TV PC/TV H o s t H o s t Trend 2: Networking everywhere US households with > 1Mb connections

  20. 1 to 1 (like Telephone) N to N (Internet!) 1 to N (like TV) Metcalfe’s Law – N2 value for N cost

  21. Trend 3: Wireless everywhere

  22. Where there is electricity, there is computing: Television, Telephone, PDA, Car, appliances, … And much more: Art, E-Book, Wallet PC, Doors, Toilets, Garbage cans, … Trend 4: Appliances everywhere

  23. Growth of Internet Population in China Trend 5: “Everyone” online • Many more Internet users than PC users today

  24. Zetta Exa Peta Tera Giga Mega Kilo Everything Recorded All Books (multimedia) All books (text) .Movie A Photo A Book Trend 6: “Everything” online • 12,000,000,000 GB of information today • www.lesk.com/mlesk/ksg97/ksg.html • Soon everything can be recorded and indexed • Doesn’t mean you can find it!

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