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Bacteria and Archaea

Bacteria and Archaea. pili. plasma membrance. flagellum. chromosome. cell wall. plasmid. This diagram shows the typical structure of a prokaryote. Archaea and bacteria look very similar, although they have important molecular differences. Cell Structure. Prokaryote : no nucleus

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Bacteria and Archaea

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  1. Bacteria and Archaea

  2. pili plasmamembrance flagellum chromosome cell wall plasmid This diagram shows the typical structure of a prokaryote. Archaea and bacteria look very similar, although they have important molecular differences. Cell Structure • Prokaryote: no nucleus • Chromosome & plasmids float freely in cytoplasm • Ribosomes: create proteins • Flagella: used in movement • Pili: act as anchors • Capsule: outer coating • Endospore: “cocoon” to protect DNA in harsh times

  3. Prokaryotes are widespread on Earth. • Prokaryotes can be grouped by their need for oxygen. • obligate anaerobesare poisoned by oxygen • obligate aerobes need oxygen • facultative aerobes can live with or without oxygen The bacteria that causes TB lives in your lungs…which type is it?

  4. Lactobacilli: rod-shaped Spirochaeta: spiral Enterococci: spherical Bacteria and archaea are structurally similar but have different molecular characteristics. • Bacteria commonly come in three forms. • rod-shaped, called bacilli • spiral, called spirilla or spirochetes • spherical, called cocci Spirochaeta:spiral Enterococci: spherical • Archaea have many shapes.

  5. GRAM NEGATIVE GRAM POSITIVE Bacteria (aka Eubacteria) • Common to most environments on Earth • Identified by Gram Stain test • Gram negative: stains pink (harder to treat because of thick capsule) • Gram positive: stains purple (easier to treat) • Treatments differ depending upon results

  6. Gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and stain red. Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer and stain purple. Gram Stains • Which is harder to treat? • Name one way to treat bacterial infections.

  7. conjugation bridge TEM; magnification 6000x Bacteria have various strategies for survival. • Reproduce asexually- through binary fission (less diversity). • Prokaryotes exchange genes during conjugation (more diversity). • Bacteria may survive by forming endospores.

  8. Not all bacteria are harmful, most are helpful… • Bacteria helped create the ozone. • Ex: cyanobacteria-autotrophic bacteria • Create oxygen for life on earth • Bacteria return nutrients to the soil in nature • Ex: saprophytes • Bacteria used in medicine • Bacteria used in food • To make cheese, bread, wine, yogurt, soy sauce But some are bad…

  9. Brush, Floss, & Rinse Your Teeth! GINGIVITIS HEALTHY MODERATE PERIODONTITIS ADVANCED PERIODONTITIS

  10. Archaea are like an evolved extreme bacteria. Let’s look at those…

  11. Archaea • Live in extreme environments • 1) Methanogens: • Anaerobic • Produce methane gas as a waste product • Habitat: Swamps, sewage, digestive tract

  12. Archaea • 2) Thermophiles • Heat and acid loving prokaryotes • Habitat: Deep sea vents, volcanoes, hot springs (230°F)

  13. Archaea 3) Halophiles • Thrive in areas of high salt concentration • Salt normally dehydrates organisms • Use salt to make energy

  14. Name this bacteria shape! Cocci

  15. Name this bacteria shape! Bacillus

  16. Name these cell parts! Pili

  17. Name the process shown in this animation. Binary Fission

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