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PHYSICS 212 Electricity and Magnetism

PHYSICS 212 Electricity and Magnetism. 1. Electric Fields. Fundamental properties of electric charge Charging by induction and conduction Coulombs law and the electric force Electric fields Electric field lines Problems / Vectors. Charge Conservation. Experiments show that.

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PHYSICS 212 Electricity and Magnetism

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  1. PHYSICS 212 Electricity and Magnetism 1. Electric Fields • Fundamental properties of electric charge • Charging by induction and conduction • Coulombs law and the electric force • Electric fields • Electric field lines • Problems / Vectors

  2. Charge Conservation Experiments show that • Electric charge cannot be created nor destroyed • CONSERVATION OF CHARGE • Total charge of an object is always an integer multiple of a basic charge “e” • CHARGE QUANTIZATION

  3. Types of Charge • Two types of charge • Named + and - • Like charges repel • Unlike charges attract • Repulsion and attraction are FORCES

  4. Forces on Charges

  5. Coulombs Law • The force between charges is given byCOULOMBS LAW

  6. Meaning of Symbols • Coulombs constant • Unit vector pointing from charge 1 to charge 2 • The distance between the charges • The force exerted on charge 2 by charge 1

  7. Atomic Structure • Atoms = • Nucleus • is very small less than 10-15 m in diameter, but heavy • Contains protons and neutrons • plus • Electrons • Diameter approx. 10-10 m • are very light but make up the volume of the atom

  8. Materials • Materials are atoms bound together by electrons • Electrons are on the outside • Produce the quality of “Solidness” • Different materials hold their electrons with different forces • Rubbing one material on the other displaces electrons • one material becomes positive the other negative

  9. Charging by induction Charging by Induction

  10. Charging by Conduction Charging by conduction - - - + + + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + - + - + + + + - + + - + + - + + +

  11. Coulombs Law

  12. Force due to Many Sources • at a point r • The electric Force due to many point charge sources on a charge q • is the vector sum of all forces due to source charges

  13. Diagram of Many Sources F F1 Q1 q Q2 F2 r F3 Q3

  14. Vector Sum

  15. Force Due to Continuous Source • The Electric Force due to a continuous distribution of point charge sources: • A charged solid • at a point r on a charge q • is the vector integral of all forces due to the source charges

  16. Diagram of Continuous Source F q Q r dF

  17. Vector Integral

  18. Electric Field The Electric Field is the Force per unit charge

  19. Mathematical Expression

  20. Meaning of Symbols • at a point r • The Electric Field due to many point charge sources • is the vector sum of all fields due to source charges

  21. Diagram of Field due to Point Sources E1 Q1 E E2 Q2 r E3 Q3

  22. Vector Sum of Fields

  23. Diagram of Field Due to Continuous Source E Q r dE

  24. Vector Integral

  25. Electric Field Lines Electric Field lines are lines that have Electric Field vectors as tangent lines at each point.

  26. Picture of Field Lines

  27. Picture of Field Lines

  28. Picture of Field Lines

  29. Picture of Field Lines

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