LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATE JUDGE ORIENTATION

2. LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATEJUDGE ORIENTATION * PLEASE, QUESTION OR COMMENTS AT ANY TIME.

3. Volunteers Make It Happen! • We appreciate your time. • You are performing a teaching role in the lives of our students. • You are helping the next generation to become more effective communicators. Thank You!

4. Qualifications for Judging RELAX! • You are qualified! • It’s the debater’s job to communicate with you. • It is not your job to be a debate expert before coming. • Our goal is for our students to speak to the “thinking man and woman on the street” – That’s You!

5. General Debate Info • Debate begins with an agreed-upon topic, or resolution, to debate • Two sides of an issue (the resolution) will be debated: • Affirmative – will argue for the resolution • Negative – will argue against the resolution • Note: Debaters have been assigned which side to argue for each debate round – they do not get to choose. During the course of the tournament, they will argue each side. • Note: Debaters will be looking at you, not at each other.

6. GENERAL INFOLincoln Douglas Debate * Also called LD or Values Debate (Values are principles which are universally accepted upon by a society, culture, or group.) * Debaters will be defining, analyzing and arguing values. * One-on-One debate (one affirmative, one negative) * One full LD debate round lasts up to 38 minutes

7. 2009-2010LD RESOLUTION Resolved: That competition is superior to cooperation as a means of achieving excellence.

8. Resolutional Burdens • The affirmative will argue in support of the resolution: that competition is superior to cooperation as a means of achieving excellence. • The negative will argue against the resolution: that competition is NOT superior to cooperation as a means of achieving excellence. -- OR -- can argue that the affirmative does not fulfill his/her burden.

9. LD Round Structure Series of speeches- totaling 32 minutes – to convince you! Prior to the speeches, debaters will introduce themselves to the judge. The Round: 1. Affirmative Constructive (AC): 6 minutes 2. Cross Examination (CX): 3 minutes 3. Negative Constructive (NC): 7 minutes 4. Cross Examination (CX): 3 minutes 5. First Affirmative Rebuttal (1AR): 4 minutes 6. Negative Rebuttal (NR): 6 minutes 7. Second Affirmative Rebuttal (2 AR): 3 minutes Additionally, each speaker will receive a total of 3 minutes of preparation time which can be used prior to their speeches. (However, prep time cannot be used prior to CX.) PRIMA FACIE

10. Affirmative ConstructiveACCX NC CX 1AR NR 2AR • Introduction • Statement of the resolution • Definition of terms • Discussion of Value (& possibly a Criterion) • Contentions (Arguments) • Conclusion Most likely will include:

11. Cross Examination (CX)ACCX NC CX 1AR NR 2AR • Three minutes • Immediately follows each constructive speech (no prep time allowed) • Only direct interaction in the round between the debaters • One-on-one question and answer • Debaters face the judge • Judges may not question/comment during this time (or at all during the round)

12. Negative ConstructiveACCX NC CX 1AR NR 2AR 1.Will refute the affirmative case / the resolution 2. Also, most likely will supply a negative interpretation of the resolution (a Negative Case) which would include: • Introduction • Statement of the resolution • Possibly, a Definition of terms • Discussion of Value (& Criterion) • Contentions (Arguments) • Conclusion

13. Affirmative & Negative RebuttalsACCX NC CX 1AR NR 2AR • Debaters use these speeches to clarify the important arguments in the round. • Cannot introduce new arguments. • Should refute arguments made by the opponent, as well as reassert own case. • Will likely propose “voting issues” – those arguments which the debater feels is most crucial to the round.

14. - WHAT YOU WILL NEED - • Something to write with. (a black or blue pen, please) • Flow Sheet (how to take notes/follow an argument.) AC, NC, 1AR, NR, 2AR; Dropped arguments • Ballot (where to score a round) Low point winner; Double loss • Speaker Point Guideline: Organization, Analysis/Reasoning, Proof/Support, Cross-Examination, Refutation/Clash, Delivery • Someone to time. A timekeeper will be assigned to your room. Going over the allotted time.

15. Flowing = Note-Taking System Flowing = Organizes the ideas in a round by following arguments horizontally • Use flow sheet or plain paper • Just a tool to help you • Not to be turned in The right note-taking system is the one which allows you to: • Absorb the presentation • Reach a conclusion and cast a vote • Give the debaters written feedback

16. Flow Sheet (Note-taking system)

17. Flowing – First Affirmative Speech

18. Flowing – First Negative Speech

19. Flowing – First Affirmative Rebuttal

20. Flowing – Negative Rebuttal

21. Flowing – Final Affirmative Rebuttal

22. - Deciding Who Won -

23. The Ballot – Before the Debate Begins

24. The Ballot – Check Carefully Round: Refers to which number round it is in prelims or whether it is an outround. Room: Be sure to get a campus map! Affirmative vs. Negative: Check to see that you have not judged either of these debaters at this tournament. Judge: You!

25. The Ballot – The Debaters  Print the name of the Affirmative debater and the Negative debater in the correct boxes.

26. The Ballot – Rating the Speakers Individual Speaking Ability: Use the Speaker Point Guideline Sheet to help you determine how each speaker debated. Circle one number for each category.

27. The Ballot – Speaker Point Guideline • Each speaker should be judged in these six categories: • Organization • Analysis & Reasoning • Proof/Support • Cross-Examination • Refutation/Clash • Delivery • In those categories, • each speaker should be rated from 1 – 5 using the following scale: • 1 - needs work, 2 - fair, 3 - good, 4 - excellent, 5 - outstanding

28. The Ballot – Speaker Point Guideline Organization: Logical and orderly presentation – Clearly indicates which issue is being argued, presenting a clear path to follow. Analysis & Reasoning: Logical explanation of critical issues – Clearly explains own arguments and exposes weakness of opponent's arguments. Proof/Support: Appropriate quantity and quality of evidence – Clear, understandable evidence/logic and examples -- Applied to support arguments. Cross-Examination: Civil information exchange – Courteous, assertive, diplomatic. Asks for clarifications, sets up strategies for further argumentation, discovers weaknesses, inconsistencies, contradictions. Refutation/Clash: Direct response to issues raised by opponent – Critically analyzes opponent's arguments and develops clear, understandable responses with logical arguments and effective use of evidence and examples. Delivery: Understandable, interesting and persuasive presentation - Effective oral communication skills including reading of evidence, clear, understandable, persuasive vocal argument, use of effective stage presence, gestures, eye contact.

29. The Ballot – Total Speaker Points Total the points from the six categories for each speaker and write the Total Affirmative speaker points and the Total Negative speaker points.

30. The Ballot – Speaker Rank Speaker Rank is determined by Total Speaker Points. Circle 1st or 2nd accordingly.

31. The Ballot – Who Won? After looking over your flow sheet and considering all of the arguments, you must decide who, in your opinion, won this debate round. Circle either: Affirmative or Negative. Note: The person with the higher speaker points does not necessarily win the debate round.

32. The Ballot – Reason for Decision Reason for Decision – this is perhaps the most important part of the ballot to the debaters. Here you explain how you came to your decision. Also welcome (and encouraged) are notes to each debater, specifying what they did well and what they can improve on. You are welcome to use the back of the ballot to write additional comments. Remember to sign and date the ballot.

33. Deciding Who Won • Leave all personal biases / opinions at the door. • If a debater doesn’t say it during the round, don’t add it! • Do not allow audience response to impact your decision. • Do not give consideration for younger or less-experienced debaters.

34. - Deciding Who Won - Questions to ask yourself about the Affirmative Does the affirmative interpretation correspond with the resolution? Has the affirmative... ... Identified a value? ... Presented arguments supporting the importance of his/her value? ... Upheld the resolution with his/her analysis of the resolution and contentions? ... Persuaded you to vote in favor of the resolution? ... Adequately addressed the arguments raised by the negative side?

35. - Deciding Who Won - Questions to ask yourself about the Negative Has the negative... ... Introduced a more persuasive interpretation of the resolution? ... Presented his/her own value? If so, did he/she present arguments supporting its importance? ... Persuaded you that his/her value is more important than the affirmative value? ... Provided arguments persuading you to vote against the affirmative interpretation of the resolution? ... Adequately addressed the arguments raised by the affirmative side?

36. When the Round is Over… • Don’t disclose your decision • Don’t ask questions or give verbal feedback. • Don’t solicit opinions about the round from other observers in the room • You may request to review evidence for clarification or accuracy if you like. • (Please return any evidence you review before leaving the room.) • Immediately following round, take your ballots to the designated area for completion.

37. Thank You!