STD’s, Teenage pregnancy.

1. STD’s, Teenage pregnancy. By: Juan Manuel Galvis & Juliana Astudillo

3. What is STD’s • Stands for sexually transmitted diseases. • Diseases that spread from person to person because intimate contact. • STD’s can cause permanent damage, such as infertility and even death. • Its very common in teenagers.

4. How STD’s Spread • Through skin-to-skin contact with an infected area. Not necessary sexual intercourse. • You can’t get them if you have oral or anal sex. • Viruses and bacteria that cause STD’s can enter the body through tiny cuts in the mouth or the anus, as well as the genitals.

5. ThingsthatincreaseSTD’s • Sexual actvity at youngage: theyoungerthepersonstartshaving sex, thegreaterhisorher chances of havingSTD’s. • Lots of sex parners: peoplewhohave sexual contactwithanydifferentpeople are more at risk. • Unprotected sex: onlylatexcondomhelppreventtheSTD’s. theotherbirth control methodshelppreventpregnancybutnotgettinginfected.

6. Help to prevent STD’s • Abstain of sexual contact. • When having sex always use a condom. • People having sex should get gynecological or male genital examinations.

7. Chlamydia

8. What is? • Is a sexually transmitted disease cause by the bacteria chlamydia trachomatis. Often there aren’t any symptoms. • The bacteria can move from one person to another through sexual intercourse and through oral- genital contact.

9. How to know if you have chlamydia • Girls: girls don’t have any symptoms so if they are sexually active its important to see a doctor at least once a year. Or a unusual vaginal discharge of pain while urination, also pain in the lower abdomens and while sexual intercourse. Mild fever, headache, muscle aches and bleeding between menstrual cycle.

10. Boys: same as girls they don’t have symptoms so is important to get check. May present discharge from the urethra, where urine comes out, or burning around the penis.

11. Consequences • In girls, it may cause an infection in the urethra and inflammation of the cervix, it can also lead to a pelvic inflammatory disease, this may cause infertility and ectopic pregnancies. • In boys, it may cause inflammation in the urethra epididymis.

13. Herpes

14. What is it? • Herpes is a sexually transmitted disease, cause by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). • This virus is more common in women than in man. Numbers tell us that 1 out of 4 women in the United States are infected and 1 out of 5 boys. The main reason of this numbers are because male to female sexual transmission is more efficiently that in the other way. • In areas of high socio-economic disadvantages, this virus is more common. This is because: Access to quality health care, poverty, illicit drug issue and living in communities with a high prevalence of STDs.

15. Transmission • Herpes is only spread out by skin contact like: • Anal sex • Oral sex • Vagina sex • Kissing • Skin to skin contact which transmits HSV-1 and HSV 2.

16. Symptoms • Symptoms are not always the same but here are some of the most common ones. • - Burning sensation in the genitals or infected area. • - slower back pain. • - pain when urinating. • Blisters start to appear, they are usually: • - Crust over. • - Form a scab. • - Heal.

17. Prevention • Avoid completely sexual contact if you know you are infected. • - Avoid sexual contact with someone you know is infected. • - Limit the number of sexual partners. • - Use condoms.

18. Gonorrhea

19. What is it? • Is STD cause by a bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This bacteria can be passed from one person to the other one through vaginal, oral, or anal sex or from a mother to her baby during birth.

20. How to know if you have gonorrhea • In girls: no symptoms or don’t notice them after they become severe. Burning sensation while urinating or a yellow – green vaginal discharge, also vaginal bleeding in between the menstrual cycle could be seen. • It may cause PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) that can lead to abdominal pain, fever and pain during sexual intercourse.

21. In boys: feel a burning sensation when they urinate, and yellowish-white discharge out of the urethra. Usually boys notice symptoms faster than girls. • Symptoms may appear between 2 to 7 days or even longer.

22. Consequences • In girls, it may cause an infection that move into the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes and it may lead to infertility. If the girl is pregnant the newborn can have meningitis(an inflammation of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord) and an eye infection that can result in blindness if it is not treated.

23. In guys, it can spread into the epididymis and causing pain and swelling in the testicular area. It can make the guy infertile. • Gonorrhea may also affect other organs like the eyes, heart, throat, brain, skin and joints. (girls and boys)

24. HIV & Aids

25. What is it? • HIV stands for human immunodefiency virus, this causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or also known as AIDS. This virus destroys a defense cell in the body call CD4 helper lymphocyte, this are part of the defense system, when HIV attack the defense system become immune and the person could get serious diseases. HIV attacks CD4 cells, it infects them and multiply, the virus destroys the ability of this to do their job in the immune system.

27. Transmission • This disease can be transmitted from one person to another one through blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk. This happen because unprotected oral, vaginal or anal sex, or sharing needles for drugs, tattoos, or any other substance. People who have other STD are in bigger risk for getting HIV during sex with infected partner. If a woman with HIV is pregnant the baby has a big possibility to catch the disease even though it can be prevent, this may occur in the birth or in all the process or even breastfeeding.

29. Symptoms • extreme weakness or fatigue • rapid weight loss • frequent fevers that last for several weeks with no explanation • heavy sweating at night • swollen lymph glands • minor infections that cause skin rashes and mouth, genital, and anal sores • white spots in the mouth or throat • chronic diarrhea • a cough that won't go away • trouble remembering things • in girls, severe vaginal yeast infections that don't respond to usual treatment

30. How can it be prevent • not having oral, vaginal, or anal sex (abstinence) • always using latex condoms for all types of sexual intercourse • avoiding contact with the bodily fluids through which HIV is transmitted • never sharing needles

31. Syphilis

33. What is it? • It is cause by a bacterium named “TreponemaPallidum”. • - The disease is divides into 4 groups: • - Primary, Secondary, Latent and Tertiary. • - A person that has the virus, and have not been treated can infect others in the two fist stages and even untreated syphilis is not contagious, it can take you to several problems like: • Blindness, • Neurological problems • Death.

34. Transmission • You can found this infection in different parts of your body, like: • - Anus. • - Mouth. • - Genital area. • It is usually spread of by a pregnant woman that pass the virus to the foetus and that can cause the baby to be born with mental or physical problems.

35. Symptoms • A chancre appears that can be very painless and undetected inside the body. It usually appear in the specific part where the partner ulcer is being exposed. Such as: • - Anus. • - Cervix. • - Lips. • - Pennies. • - Tongue. • - Vagina. • - Vulva.

36. Prevention • Avoid any type of sexual action if you have the infection. • - Avoid an type of sexual activity with someone infected. • - Use condoms. • - Start treatment as soon as you detect the infection. • - During pregnancy, make current exams about this virus.

37. Treatments • There is no cure for these diseases, combinations of antiviral drugs and drugs that boost the immune system allowed people to live longer

38. STD’s in Colombia • In a survey made in 2010 it shows that only 79% used contraceptive methods. But only 7% uses condom. It shows that the 93% doesn’t seem to do anything to prevent HIV or the other STD’s. • There’s an average that says that every hour 10 Colombians are tell they’ve got std’s.

39. No education • This high rates in Colombia may be because the lack of education. • 17% of women doesn’t know about any infections. • 80% teenager have participate in education programs about sexuality and their consequences. • 12% of Colombians doesn’t join the Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud.

40. Teenage pregnancy in Colombia • The fertility rate among teenager has increase over the last 30 years. By 2005 the average rate of adolescents fertility rate is about 90% per 1000 pregnancies. • In 1986, 13.6% • 2005, 20.5% or one in five. • 2010, 19%. • 30% of the population are teenagers in pregnancy.

41. Sexual life before 15 • This rates can be explained because the early age kids starts their sexual life. • In1986, 4.3% adolescents have started their sexual life before 15. • In 2005 it reached 13.7%. • In 2005 only about 57% of the teenagers remained virgin.

42. Majority of teenage pregnancy • The majority of the teenage pregnancy occurs in the poorest area. In 2005, 31.5% adolescents mother belongs to the poorest sectors while only 10.7% belong to the richest 20%.

43. Bibliography • http://kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/stds/std.html# • http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/IES/colombia.html#10 • http://kidshealth.org/teen/infections/stds/std_gonorrhea.html# • http://kidshealth.org/teen/infections/stds/std_chlamydia.html# • http://www.semana.com/vida-moderna/colombia-bajan-embarazos-adolescentes-suben-no-deseados/153145-3.aspx • http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std/herpes.htm • http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std/syphilis.htm • http://kidshealth.org/teen/infections/stds/std_hiv.html# • http://colombiareports.com/opinion/117-cantonese-arepas/7869-giving-birth-to-poverty.html