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Unix Introduction

Unix Introduction . A little history Manual – man pages. 1969, New Jersey. 1969 AT&T Lab AT&T out of Multics project OS hackers floating in a void: Ken Thomson, Dennis Ritchie, J.F. Ossanna and M. D. McIlroy Ken’s cool file system Unix on PDP-7 Use it in the patent writing department

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Unix Introduction

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  1. Unix Introduction • A little history • Manual – man pages

  2. 1969, New Jersey • 1969 AT&T Lab • AT&T out of Multics project • OS hackers floating in a void: Ken Thomson, Dennis Ritchie, J.F. Ossanna and M. D. McIlroy • Ken’s cool file system • Unix on PDP-7 • Use it in the patent writing department • Use C to rewrite portable OS to PDP-11 • Ken mailed magnetic tapes with the Unix source code and utilities to his friends • mid 1970s, professor in Australia’s teach UNIX using the source codes

  3. New Jersey • AT&T Bell Lab • Unix versions • V1 1971 • V4 1973 • V6 1975 * 1.xBSD was derived from this version • V7 1979 last true Unix • Unix license

  4. Berkeley • Late 1970’s UC Berkeley • A licensee of the Unix source code • 1976-1977 Ken Thompson took sabbatical to teach in UCB • Use UNIX extensively for research projects • Berkeley Systems Distribution (BSD) • TCP/IP and the socket model for network programming • BSD source code is available publicly

  5. Berkeley • Bell Labs notices that their source code was practically being given away • Two lawsuits • Bell lab sued Computer System Research Group (CSRG) for BSD • UC Berkeley sued various companies for not giving credit to UCB. • The development of last BSD distribution 4.4 BSD • Unencumbered and the only legal release of BSD • Many modern operating system are based on 4.4BSD • FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and BSDI

  6. GNU project • MIT - Richard Stallman • Find a way to preserve the freedom • Portable • Licensed in such as way that it would always be the property of free development community • GNU project ( GNU’s Not Unix) begins in 1983 • GPL (GNU General Public License) • EMACS, GDB, GCC, … utilities • Linux Torvald filled the last gap the kernel.

  7. Unix History • 1969 The beginning in AT&T Bell Labs • 1975 Version 6 • 1977 Berkeley BSD, derived from V6 • 1984 BSD 4.2 • 1985 BSD 4.3 • 1993 BSD 4.4 • 1979 Version7 • 1982 Unix Support Group ( Unix System Laboratories) System III • 1983 System V

  8. Unix History • UNIX “standard” operating system? • http://www.levenez.com/unix/ • http://www.unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html • Book "Life with Unix" by Don Libes and Sandy Ressler • Unix varieties: mixture feature of • BSD version • System V • Vendor specific extension

  9. Unix Versions • Some Unix versions: • SCO UNIX • Implementation of System V.3.2.5, Runs on PC • Sun OS • Best known BSD-based operating System, NFS • Solaris • Sun’s System V.4 implementation • HP-UX • System V variant + features of OSF/1 • Digital Unix/Tru64 Unix • OSF/1 implementation • AIX • IBM’s system V-based operating system

  10. 1991, Finland • Linus Torvalds, a student • Minix: a teaching tool • Insufficiencies if Minix • In ablility of get a free modem line • Wrote the kernel in C with his colleague • and posted on the net under GPL

  11. Linux • Free UNIX-like operating system for all sort of platforms • BSD-like • Written from scratch • Kernel was written by Linus Torvalds

  12. Linux Distributions • Red Hat Enterprise • CentOS • Fedora • Debian • Ubuntu • Gentoo • Oracle Enterprise Linux • SUSE Linux Enterprise • OpenSUSE • Slackware See www.linux.org/dist for more

  13. What we use in this lab • Fedora 15 • Oracle Solaris 10 • Windows

  14. Manuals • Unix has two types • Man pages • Individual commands • Routines/functions • Files • Supplemental documents • Printed • online from Internet • DVD/CDROM • RFCs (Request for Comments) for protocols, standards used on the Internet

  15. Manuals • Organization of the man pages

  16. Manuals • Man pages are kept • Under /usr/man/man# or /usr/share/man/man# • Format (troff, SGML) • Compressed (compress or gzip) • read manual pages: man • $man title • Example: $man ls • $man section title • Example: $man 4 tty • Solaris Example: $man –s 4 tty

  17. Manuals • More about reading manual pages: man • MANPATH • /etc/man.config • Add new man pages besides the system ones. Example: MANPATH=/home/share/localman:/usr/share/man export MANPATH • Keyword search in synopsis • Keyword database “whatis” • $man –k keyword Example: $man –k mount

  18. Online Resource • Fedora 13 • http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/index.html • Solaris 10 • http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/prod/solaris.10?l=en&a=view

  19. Join forums • SAGE • http://www.sage.org/ • Solaris OS forum • http://forums.sun.com/category.jspa?categoryID=65 • Fedora forum • http://fedoraforum.org/forum/

  20. Administrative GUI tools • Administration tools • Good • Quick start to system administration • Easy: combine several steps • Downside • Take more steps than typing the command directly sometimes • Not all commands available through menu • Slow down the learning process • Do not help much in tracking down and fixing the problem • May not always be available when system breaks, remote working… • In this class, manual configuration is strongly encouraged.

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