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Objective Assessment of Personality II Pertemuan 2

Objective Assessment of Personality II Pertemuan 2. Matakuliah : Psikologi Diagnostik Tahun : 2010. Trait Theory of Personality. A trait is any readily-identifiable, stable quality that characterizes an individual from other individuals Traits serve three major functions:

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Objective Assessment of Personality II Pertemuan 2

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  1. Objective Assessment of Personality IIPertemuan 2 Matakuliah : Psikologi Diagnostik Tahun : 2010

  2. Trait Theory of Personality • A trait is any readily-identifiable, stable quality that characterizes an individual from other individuals • Traits serve three major functions: • To summarize, predict, and explain a person’s conduct • A predisposition to respond in a particular way to a broad range of situations

  3. Basic Assumptions • Traits present specific ideas about a person’s disposition (the way a person is likely to behave across situations as well as over time) • Individuals can be characterized in terms of relatively enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions • Traits can be quantitatively assessed • Traits show some degree of cross situational consistency

  4. Theorists • Gordon Allport • Raymond B. Cattell • Hans J. Eyesnck * • Paul T. Costa & Robert R. McCrae *

  5. Hans J. Eysenck • Focused on higher levels of trait organization called types • Types incorporate lower-level elements (traits); Each trait incorporates even lower-order qualities (habits) • Eysenck argues that all personality traits can be grouped under three dimensions: • Extraversion characterizes people based on their orientation toward external sources of stimulations from the environment versus an orientation inward at the opposite extreme. • Psychotism includes a disposition toward psychosis and a degree of sociopathy. • Neuroticism is basically a measure of emotional stability-instability. • Eysenck Personality Scales : EPQ-R and EPP

  6. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) • Contains 100 items to measure the three personality dimensions of extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism, as well as the lie scale. • A dichotomous response format “Yes” or “No.” • Examples of items are: • Extraversion “Do you like telling jokes and funny stories to your friends?” (positively scored item). “Do you prefer reading to meeting people?” (negatively scored item). • Neuroticism “Are you a worrier?” (positively scored item). • Psychoticism “Do you enjoy hurting people you love?” (positivelyscoreditem). Would it upset you a lot to see a child or an animal suffer? (negatively scored item). • Social Desirability (L) “Are you always willing to admit when you have made a mistake?” (positively scored item). “Have you ever cheated at a game?” (negatively scored item).

  7. Eysenck Personality Profiler (EPP) • Like the EPQ-R, the EPP measures the three main personality dimensions of E, N, and P and has a lie scale • EPP uses facet scales to measure each of the main dimensions. The three main dimensions and their facets are (with three-letter abbreviations in parentheses): • Extraversion: Activity (ACT), Sociability (SOC), Assertiveness (ASS), Expressiveness (EXP), Ambition (AMB), Dogmatism (DOG), Aggressiveness (AGG). • Neuroticism: Inferiority (INF), Unhappiness (UNH), Anxiety (ANX), Dependence (DEP), Hypochondria (HYP), Guilt (GUI), Obsessiveness (OBS). • Psychoticism: Risk-Taking (RIS), Impulsivity (IMP), Irresponsibility (IRR), Manipulativeness (MAN), SensationSeeking (SEN), Tough-Mindedness (TOU), Practicality (PRA).

  8. The Big Five Personality Traits • Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness • The study of language • Clusters of associated words used to describe personality characteristics • The study of personality questionnaires and ratings • Factors indicated on surveys • Five Factor Model (FFM)

  9. Differences Between the Big Five and the Five Factor Model • Five Factor Model is an interpretation of Big Five Factors • FFM asserts that we can describe personality in terms of five broad categories, each of which includes specific attributes • Suggests differences among people in these dimensions are • Stable • Genetic • Due to internal mechanism • Applications of the Big Five and The Five Factor Model and Theory: Job performance, job satisfaction, personality disorders, determines types of therapy

  10. The Five Factor Model : Measure • The NEO Personality Inventory - Revised (NEO PI-R) • Measures five broad domains (factors) and 30 narrower facets (6 subtraits comprise each of the BIG 5 domains) • Each facet is measured by 8 items • Scales have good reliability and validity across different data sources (e.g., ratings by peers or spouses) • NEO-PI-R correlated with other BIG 5 measures

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