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Public transportation works best when itu2019s accessible and efficient for everyone. That means faster boarding, transparent pricing, and simple systemsu2014both for passengers and transit authorities.<br>This is where automated fare collection (AFC) becomes crucial. More than just replacing paper tickets, AFC systems support how people move through cities today.<br>But hereu2019s what you need to know: there are two key typesu2014open-loop and closed-loop. While they share a goal, they function quite differently and solve different needs.
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