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Setion 11 Vocab

The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance and supporting immunity by returning leaked plasma to blood vessels and cleansing it of pathogens. This system includes major organs such as the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils. Lymphatic vessels transport lymph, while lymphocytes serve as key warriors of the immune response. Understanding the structure and functions of lymphoid organs provides insights into how the body fights infections and diseases, ensuring effective immune surveillance and response.

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Setion 11 Vocab

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  1. Setion 11 Vocab • Encephalo- brain • Gastro- stomach • Hepato- liver • Gloss/o- tongue • Glute- buttocks • Larynglo- larynx • My/o-muscle • nephr/o- kidney • Neuro- nerve • Oste/o- bone • Ot/o- ear • Opthalm/o- eye • Path/o- disease • Pneomon/o- lung • Rhin/o-nose • Thorac/o- chest/thorax

  2. Section 12 Vocab • -ism, -osis, -tion: condition • -ist, -or, -er, ician: agent • -centesis: to puncture • -ectomy: to cut out & remove • -pexy: to fix or repair • -rraphy: to suture, sew • -scopy: to view • -cide: kill or destroy • -emia: of the blood • -gram: writing or record • -graph: recording instrument • -malacia: soft • -phasia: speech • -phobia: fear

  3. Long winter road End of 1st semester update

  4. The Lymphatic System (Ch. 21) Functions *maintain fluid balance *immunity

  5. Overview • Returns leaked plasma to the blood vessels • Cleanses plasma of bacteria and foreign matter • Provides surveillance sites by immune system cells • Nonspecific defenses: prevent pathogen entry; prevent spread of diseases caused by microorganisms; strengthen the immune system

  6. Overview • the lymphatic system is the most important physiological system of combating foreign bodies such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi • it consists macroscopically of: the bone marrow, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, and a few other organs.

  7. Overview • functioning of the lymphatic system is most easily seen at the microscopic level where the white blood cell is the single most important element. • white blood cells are produced, as are red blood cells, in the marrow of human bone.

  8. Consists of 2 semi-independent parts: A. Network of lymphatic vessels- collect excess fluid (now called lymph) from tissues and returnit to the bloodstream. B. Lymphoid tissues and organs- house phagocytotic cells and lymphocytes

  9. II. Lymphatic Vessel Transport Lymphatic capillaries- weave between cells and blood capillaries, microscopic Lymph collecting veins/ vessels

  10. Lymph trunks- drain fairly large area of body; include lumbar, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, jugular, intestinal

  11. Lymph Ducts- R lymphatic duct (R upper arm & R head and thorax), Thoracic duct (rest of body)

  12. Lymph empties into venous circulation at internal jugular vein and subclavian veins • 3L of lymph enters bloodstream every 24 hrs

  13. III. Lymphoid Cells • A. Lymphocytes- warriors of the immune system • T cells- manage immune response, somedirectly attack foreign cells • B cells- make plasma cells that secrete antibodies

  14. B. Macrophages- phagocytize foreign substances, help activate T cells C. Reticular cells- make stroma, the network that supports other cell types

  15. IV. Lymphoid Organs • A. Lymph nodes- hundreds but large clusters in inguinal, axillary, cervical areas • 1. Functions • filter lymph- macrophages • help activate immune system- lymphocytes

  16. 2. Structure a. node surrounded by DWF capsule b. 2 regions: cortex, medulla

  17. B. Spleen- left side of and cavity below diaphragm 1. Functions a. Lymphocyte proliferation b. Immune surveillance & response c. Clean blood- macrophages d. Store rbc breakdown products e. RBC production in fetus f. stores platelets

  18. C. Thymus- throat/ chest region 1. Grows during childhood, stops growing during adolescence and atrophies gradually. 2. Functions a. Secrete hormones that allow T cells to function properly b. Only lymph organ not directly fighting antigens

  19. D. Tonsils- ring of tissue around pharynx • Named by location • palatine- most often infected • lingual • pharyngeal (adenoids) • tubal • Function- gather and remove many pathogens entering pharynx in inhaled air or food (blind-ended crypts)

  20. E. Peyer's Patches- isolated clusters of lymph follicles in small intestine • 1. Function • destroys bacteria • generates "memory“ lymphocytes for long-term immunity

  21. F. Appendix- clusters of lymph follicles; offshoot of cecum of large intestine ** Peyers + appendix + tonsils + bronchi lymph nodes = Mucosa associated lymph tissue (MALT)- protects digestive and respiratory systems

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