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Motivation

Chapter 12 explores key motivational concepts, delving into drive-reducing behaviors such as eating and drinking. It discusses the physiological and psychological aspects of hunger and thirst, homeostasis, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The drive reduction theory is examined alongside the Yerkes-Dodson Law and the psychology behind eating disorders. Additionally, it covers sexual orientation's biological underpinnings and the need for social belonging, highlighting factors that influence achievement motivation, including internal vs. external motivations and leadership theories.

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Motivation

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  1. Motivation Chapter 12

  2. Motivation Concepts Drive-Reducing Behaviors (eating, etc) Need (food, water) Drive (hunger, thirst) • Drive reduction theory • Drives and Instincts • Homeostasis • Push of need and pull of incentives • Yerkes-Dodson Law • “good” vs. “bad” • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • “Humanistic Perspective”

  3. Physiology of Hunger • WWII Hunger Study • Stomach Contractions • Body Chemistry • Glucose level and caloric intake • The Brain • Hypothalamus • Lateral (sides) – brings on hunger • Ventromedial (middle) – suppresses hunger • Sends info to frontal lobe • Set-point • Basal metabolic rate

  4. Psychology of Hunger • “Externals” • Cultural Influences • Eating Disorders • Anorexia/Bulimia

  5. Sexual Orientation • “Sexual orientation is like handedness – most people are one way, a few the other. A very few are truly ambidextrous” • Gay parents DO NOT produce gay children • Factors in orientation • Certain cell clusters within the hypothalamus are larger in hetero- men than in either women or homosexual men • About 50% of identical twins share homosexuality • Prenatal hormone exposure

  6. The Need to Belong • Aiding Survival • Wanting to Belong • Social Acceptance • Conformity • Health Issues

  7. Achievement Motivation (AM) • Levels of AM • People with high levels prefer challenging tasks, with lower levels prefer either really easy or impossible tasks • Motivation more closely linked with success than “natural talent” • IQ is distributed in a bell curve, motivation is not • What “causes” motivation? • Emotional and cognitive roots

  8. More AM • Internal vs. External Motivation • Leper and Green’s overjustification effect • Reward Motivation vs. Incentive Motivation • Motivating People • I/O Psychology • Task vs. social leadership • Theory X vs. Theory Y

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