1 / 20

Biomechanics Of Sprinting

Biomechanics Of Sprinting. Understanding Sprint Performance. Horizontal Velocity throughout the race is constantly changing. Most Important part of the race Acceleration Maximum velocity. Start . Horizontal velocity of an elite sprinter

sydnee
Télécharger la présentation

Biomechanics Of Sprinting

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Biomechanics Of Sprinting

  2. Understanding Sprint Performance • Horizontal Velocity throughout the race is constantly changing. • Most Important part of the race • Acceleration Maximum velocity

  3. Start • Horizontal velocity of an elite sprinter • Over 4 meters/sec at ground contact coming out of blocks • Increases to over 7 meters per second by end of the 2nd touch down • That is over half of the sprinters maximum velocity with in the first 3 steps of the start

  4. Mechanics Transition • From powerful horizontal force to a more vertically directed force. • In part due to raising COG

  5. Basic Mechanics • For the Start the goal is maximum horizontal force and minimizing force in all other directions • Transition phase into maximum velocity • Once maximum velocity is reached the goal is to maintain maximum velocity by producing maximum amounts of vertical force

  6. Basic Mechanics • This means that Horizontal velocity is not the critical mechanical factor in sprint performance

  7. Newton’s Laws • We can understand this change in focus by looking at Newton’s laws • Force= Mass(Change in velocity)/Ground time • @Start • Horizontal force=77.5*(7.0)/.60 = 905 N or 205lbs of horizontal force *77.5kg=170.8lbs

  8. Newton’s Laws • @ Maximum velocity • Horizontal force= 0 @ Start Vertical Force= 77.5*(1.0)/.150= 485N or 110lbs Total Vertical Force= 750N+485N= 1235N or 277lbs

  9. Newton’s Laws • As you transition into maximum velocity the horizontal force output decreases • This is not true of vertical force • Because of gravity, sprinting is a series of alternating ground and air phases

  10. Newton’s Laws • To account for this the change the vertical velocity in the upward direction must increase to about .5 m/s • This is also true in the downward direction so the total vertical velocity increase equals to 1.0 m/s

  11. Newton’s Laws • Vertical force= 77.5*(1.0)/.087= 890N or 199 lbs • Total Vertical Force= 759N+890N= 1,640N or 367lbs

  12. Mechanics • As horizontal velocity increases the segments increase as well. • When segments increase it has a negative impact on the runners ability to produce vertical force • Another limiting factor is the body position

  13. Mechanics • The body positioning of the sprinter at touchdown is actually producing horizontal braking forces • The touchdown point is actually located slightly in front of the COG • The best sprinters minimize this effect

  14. Start Mechanics • Specific Performance Descriptors • Block Distances • COG Distance at Set Position • Segment Angles at Set Position • Segment Angles During Block Clearance • COG Distance at Step 1 Touchdown • Segment Angles during Step 1 • COG Distance at Step 2 touchdown • Segment Angles during Step 2

  15. Critical Performance Descriptors at Maximum Velocity • Horizontal Velocity Stride Rate Stride Length Ground Contact Time Air Time Time To Maximum Upper Leg Flexion

  16. Front Side/ Back Side Mechanics • The most successful sprinters focus on front side mechanics • Active recovery of the back side mechanics is important • Do not just “spin the wheels”

  17. References Hunter,J., Marshall,R., McNair,P.(2005). Relationships Between Ground Reaction Force Impulse and Kinematics of Sprint-Running Acceleration. Retrieved from: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 21,31-43 Kovacs,M. Speed Training: Linear Acceleration. Retrived from NSCA Cavagna, G., Komarek, L., Mazzoleni, S. (1971, May) The Mechanics of Sprint Running. Retrieved from: The Journal of Physiology, 217, 709-721 Mann, R. (2011). The Mechanics of Sprinting an Hurdling.

More Related