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NuFact’02

NuFact’02. Summary of NuFact’02 Rob Edgecock CERN-PS & RAL. Outline. Introduction to the Neutrino Factory NuFact School NuFact’02 The machine and R&D Neutrino Oscillations Conclusions. If you have questions, please interrupt. Introduction. CERN layout: 2.2 GeV protons; 50 GeV muons.

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NuFact’02

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  1. NuFact’02 Summary of NuFact’02 Rob Edgecock CERN-PS & RAL

  2. Outline • Introduction to the Neutrino Factory • NuFact School • NuFact’02 • The machine and R&D • Neutrino Oscillations • Conclusions If you have questions, please interrupt

  3. Introduction CERN layout: 2.2 GeV protons; 50 GeV muons

  4. Introduction NF capable of producing intense beams of Neutrinos: long baseline neutrino oscillations (only future project guaranteed physics BSM) Neutrinos: short baseline, high precision physics studies Muons: precision measurements, MuSR, MuCF, etc Kaons: rare decays, etc Test bed for High power proton projects: neutron spallation, waste transmutation, etc Muon collider: particularly cooling

  5. NuFact School 1st International Neutrino Factory Summer Institute • 23 students, 12 lecturers (and a cat) • Aim: to provide an introduction to NuFact The Cosener’s House, near to RAL See cern.ch/mellis/physics/nufact/nufact_school.html for photos

  6. NuFact School • Programme: Physics of Massive Neutrinos: Boris Kayser Basic Accelerator Physics: Ted Wilson Neutrino Factory: Bennett/Geer/Kaplan/ Mori/Palmer/Prior Slow Muons: Yoshi Kuno Neutrino Detectors: Harris/McFarland Neutrinos in Astrophysics: Bob Bingham • Very positive response from students (the cat, however, was only interested in MICE) • Second school is planned before NuFact’03

  7. Introduction to NuFact’02

  8. Introduction • At Imperial College, London • 4th in the series: Lyon, Monterey CA, Tsukuba • 161 participants, 14 from CERN (cf 23 in 2000) – (no cats) • Programme:

  9. Introduction • Four working groups: (1) Machine - B.Autin (CERN), R.Fernow (BNL), S.Machida (KEK) (2) Neutrino oscillations - D.Harris (FNAL), S.King (Soton), O.Yasuda (TMU) (3) Non-oscillation - A.Kataev (Moscow), S.Kumano neutrino physics (SAGA), K.McFarland (Rochester) (4) Non-neutrino science - K.Jungmann (KVI), J-M.Poutissou (TRIUMF), K.Yoshimura (KEK) • 49 Plenary talks, 106 parallel talks • ~85 hours of talks!

  10. Social events….. • Reception at V&A Silver Gallery • Banquet in Flight Gallery, Science Museum • Attended by Lord Sainsbury – Minister of Science Sir Richard Sykes – Rector of IC Prof Ian Halliday – CEO PPARC • Positive sign (hopefully) for UK funding

  11. The Machine • Proton drivers • Targetry • Particle production measurements • RF manipulation • Cooling • Muon acceleration • -beams • Emphasize changes since NuFact’01

  12. Proton Drivers • Range of energies: 2.2 to 50 GeV • Some multiple purpose: PP + other areas • Some multi-functional: superbeams, -beams, NF • But….. 1-4 MW, ~ns bunch length

  13. Proton Drivers • For CERN, two possibilities: SPL Wyss

  14. Proton Drivers 30 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron in the ISR tunnel

  15. Proton Drivers Cost comparison Schönauer SPL: driver for a conventional superbeam to Frejus driver for -beams R&D already started with CEA RCS: replacement for PS

  16. Super Conducting magnet for n beam line Near n detectors @280m and @~2km 1021POT(130day)≡ “1 year” Others……JHF (0.77MW) JHF Facility JAERI@Tokai-mura (60km N.E. of KEK) Construction 2001～2006 (approved)

  17. JHF Plan to start in 2007 Kobayashi Kamioka ~1GeV n beam JAERI (Tokaimura) Super-K: 22.5 kt Hyper-K: 1000 kt 0.77MW 50 GeV PS 4MW 50 GeV PS ( conventional n beam) Phase-I (0.77MW + Super-Kamiokande) Phase-II (4MW+Hyper-K) ~ Phase-I 200

  18. Far Det. Decay Pipe q Decay Pipe Horns Target Focusing Devices Proton Beam Target m nm p,K Beam Dump JHF Superbeam “Conventional” neutrino beam Kobayashi “Off-axis”

  19. JHF Neutrino Factory Neuffer Neutrino Factory based on FFAGs: Fixed Field Alternating Gradient synchrotrons

  20. Others….. • Upgrade to the AGS – BNL to Homestake/ WIPP superbeam Kahn See hep-ex/0205040 • ISIS upgrade: Rees • New ring, R=78m; ISIS R=26m • 3 GeV at 50Hz – 1MW neutron spallation source • 8 GeV at 50/3 Hz – 1MW R&D for a Neutrino Factory • Same RF, modified magnet P/S for 8 GeV • Possibility of developing to 4MW

  21. Targetry Many difficulties: enormous power density lifetime problems pion capture Stationary target: Replace target between bunches: Liquid mercury jet or rotating solid target Proposed rotating tantalum target ring Sievers Densham

  22. Liquid Hg Tests Tests with a proton beam at BNL. • Proton power 16kW in 100ns Spot size 3.2 x 1.6 mm • Hg jet - 1cm diameter; 3m/s Kirk 0.0ms 0.5ms 1.2ms 1.4ms 2.0ms 3.0ms Dispersal velocity ~10m/s, delay ~40s

  23. 1cm Liquid Hg Tests Tests with a 20T magnet at Grenoble. Fabich/Lettry Mercury jet (v=15 m/s) B = 0T B = 18T Jet deflection Reduction in velocity

  24. Pion Capture: Solenoids Kirk 20T 1.25T

  25. Pion Capture: Horn Current of 300 kA p To decay channel Protons B = 0 Hg target B1/R Gilardoni

  26. Pion Capture: Horn Inner conductor Tests of inner horn prototype delayed due to budget constraints Gilardoni

  27. Raja Ellis Main Injector Particle Production Experiment 5-120 GeV, FNAL, 2002-2004 The Hadron Production Experiment 2-15 GeV, East Hall, CERN Particle Production Experiments

  28. Phase Rotation Beam after ~200MHz rf rotation; Beam is formed into string of equal-energy bunches; matched to cooling rf acceptance Beam after drift plus adiabatic buncher – Beam is formed into string of ~ 200MHz bunches Neuffer

  29. Phase Rotation Many ideas: Studyii • Induction linac • Drift and bunching • Phase rotation in an FFAG • Bunch to bucket at 88MHz • Magnetic compression in AG chicane • Weak focussing FFAG chicane Neuffer Sato Hanke Pasternak Rees/Harold

  30. Muon Frontend Chicane Pion-muon decay channel 88 MHz muon linac Rees/Harold

  31. Muon Frontend Chicane

  32. Muon Frontend Chicane Solenoid channel Es=190MeV Solenoid channel Es=190MeV RF phase rotation channel Es=190MeV Inverse rotation channel Es=190MeV Linac Es=400MeV (Transmission =77%) Linac Es=400MeV Transmission comparable to 44/88MHz scheme

  33. Cooling • Cooling  >10 increase in muon flux • Existing techniques can’t be used  ionsation cooling beam in • Cooling is delicate balance: beam out

  34. Cooling • Cooling cells are complex • R&D essential: MuCool, MuScat and MICE McKigney

  35. Cooling • Main change: Rings! Main advantages: shorter longitudinal cooling Balbekov Palmer

  36. More Rings RFOFO Ring Cooler Quadrupole Ring Cooler Cline Palmer

  37. Performance Merit = 6 x trans. But….. Insertion  110 RF windows Wedge absorber Injection kicker Palmer

  38. Performance

  39. MuScat • Measurement of muon multiple scattering • Input for cooling simulations and MICE • First (technical) run at TRIUMF summer 2000, M11 beam Murray • Run2: Oct 2002/Apr 2003 • New people welcome!

  40. MICE MICE • Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment • Collaboration of 40 institutes from Europe, Japan, US • LOI recently reviewed by international panel at RAL • Enthusiastically supported MICE • Asked for a proposal by end 2002 Edgecock • Construction: 2002-2004 • First beam: 2004/5 • New collaborators welcome!

  41. MICE Muon Acceleration • Needs to be fast – muon lifetime • Needs to be a reasonable cost – not linacs all the way • Baseline: Recirculating Linear Accelerators Bogacz • Other possibilities……

  42. MICE FFAGs • Fixed Field Alternating Gradient  magnets not ramped • Cheaper/faster RLAs/RCSs • Large momentum acceptance • Large transverse acceptance  less cooling required! Johnstone/Machida/Neuffer

  43. MICE FFAGs Proof Of Principle machine built and tested in Japan. 50keV to 500keV in 1ms. 150MeV FFAG under construction. But….. • Injection/extraction • Low frequency 6.5MHz high gradient

  44. MICE VRCS • Fastest existing RCS: ISIS at 50Hz  20ms • Proposal: accelerate in 58s  4.3kHz • Do it 15 times a second Summers For 2  20 GeV: Ring – 350m circumferenceRF – 200 MHz, 15 MV/m, possibly s/c Magnets – 100 micron laminations of thick grain oriented silicon steel Eddy current losses: 45MW  24kW Skin depth: 94 microns Power supplies: 115kV x 81kA Copper heating: 600 + 800W • Also proposed: 20  180 GeV 180  1600 GeV

  45. MICE Storage Ring • Straights should be large fraction • Should point at two far detectors • Come in various shapes Fraction of decays in a straight Length straights/length arcs

  46. MICE -Beams • Produce radioactive beta emitters with T½~1s • Accelerate and store: SPL Lindroos/Wenander/Zucchelli ISOL Target and ECR Linac Cyclotron Storage Ring PS SPS Decay ring/Buncher

  47. MICE -Beams Source: 6He T½=0.81s Elab= 580 MeV 5 x 1013/s Source: 18Ne T½=1.67s Elab= 930 MeV 1012/s • Single flavour • Known intensity & energy spectrum • Focussed • Low energy • Complementary to superbeams: same baseline/detector But…… not cheap, needs R&D, decays losses a problem

  48. Neutrino Oscillations Mixing described by For 3-flavour eigenstatesUis Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (MNS): 6 parameters:3 mixing angles - θ23,θ12 and θ13 CP-violation angle - δ 2 mass differences - Δm223 and Δm212 Transition probability:

  49. Neutrino Oscillations Or more precisely (in vacuum) Kimura Mena In matter where

  50. What don’t we know? • Which solar solution is correct (just) • Atmospheric params (accurately) • 13 (at all) •  (“ “) • Sign of m223 (“ “) • Whether LSND is correct “Holy grail” -   matter-antimatter  leptogenesis Ibarra/Morozumi/Pluemacher (Davdison & Ibarra, hep-ph/0206304:  important over much of parameter space) Choubey

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