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Highlights from NuFact’02: Advancements in Neutrino Factory Research and Development

NuFact’02 convened at Imperial College, London, focusing on cutting-edge neutrino factory technology. The conference, attracting 161 participants, featured a diverse program with four working groups centered on machine design, neutrino oscillations, and non-oscillation physics. Renowned speakers and over 49 plenary talks set the stage for discussions on neutrino production and the future of proton drivers. The NuFact School introduced advanced topics in neutrino physics to a cohort of students. Highlights included networking events and a positive outlook for UK funding in the field.

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Highlights from NuFact’02: Advancements in Neutrino Factory Research and Development

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  1. NuFact’02 Summary of NuFact’02 Rob Edgecock CERN-PS & RAL

  2. Outline • Introduction to the Neutrino Factory • NuFact School • NuFact’02 • The machine and R&D • Neutrino Oscillations • Conclusions If you have questions, please interrupt

  3. Introduction CERN layout: 2.2 GeV protons; 50 GeV muons

  4. Introduction NF capable of producing intense beams of Neutrinos: long baseline neutrino oscillations (only future project guaranteed physics BSM) Neutrinos: short baseline, high precision physics studies Muons: precision measurements, MuSR, MuCF, etc Kaons: rare decays, etc Test bed for High power proton projects: neutron spallation, waste transmutation, etc Muon collider: particularly cooling

  5. NuFact School 1st International Neutrino Factory Summer Institute • 23 students, 12 lecturers (and a cat) • Aim: to provide an introduction to NuFact The Cosener’s House, near to RAL See cern.ch/mellis/physics/nufact/nufact_school.html for photos

  6. NuFact School • Programme: Physics of Massive Neutrinos: Boris Kayser Basic Accelerator Physics: Ted Wilson Neutrino Factory: Bennett/Geer/Kaplan/ Mori/Palmer/Prior Slow Muons: Yoshi Kuno Neutrino Detectors: Harris/McFarland Neutrinos in Astrophysics: Bob Bingham • Very positive response from students (the cat, however, was only interested in MICE) • Second school is planned before NuFact’03

  7. Introduction to NuFact’02

  8. Introduction • At Imperial College, London • 4th in the series: Lyon, Monterey CA, Tsukuba • 161 participants, 14 from CERN (cf 23 in 2000) – (no cats) • Programme:

  9. Introduction • Four working groups: (1) Machine - B.Autin (CERN), R.Fernow (BNL), S.Machida (KEK) (2) Neutrino oscillations - D.Harris (FNAL), S.King (Soton), O.Yasuda (TMU) (3) Non-oscillation - A.Kataev (Moscow), S.Kumano neutrino physics (SAGA), K.McFarland (Rochester) (4) Non-neutrino science - K.Jungmann (KVI), J-M.Poutissou (TRIUMF), K.Yoshimura (KEK) • 49 Plenary talks, 106 parallel talks • ~85 hours of talks!

  10. Social events….. • Reception at V&A Silver Gallery • Banquet in Flight Gallery, Science Museum • Attended by Lord Sainsbury – Minister of Science Sir Richard Sykes – Rector of IC Prof Ian Halliday – CEO PPARC • Positive sign (hopefully) for UK funding

  11. The Machine • Proton drivers • Targetry • Particle production measurements • RF manipulation • Cooling • Muon acceleration • -beams • Emphasize changes since NuFact’01

  12. Proton Drivers • Range of energies: 2.2 to 50 GeV • Some multiple purpose: PP + other areas • Some multi-functional: superbeams, -beams, NF • But….. 1-4 MW, ~ns bunch length

  13. Proton Drivers • For CERN, two possibilities: SPL Wyss

  14. Proton Drivers 30 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron in the ISR tunnel

  15. Proton Drivers Cost comparison Schönauer SPL: driver for a conventional superbeam to Frejus driver for -beams R&D already started with CEA RCS: replacement for PS

  16. Super Conducting magnet for n beam line Near n detectors @280m and @~2km 1021POT(130day)≡ “1 year” Others……JHF (0.77MW) JHF Facility JAERI@Tokai-mura (60km N.E. of KEK) Construction 2001～2006 (approved)

  17. JHF Plan to start in 2007 Kobayashi Kamioka ~1GeV n beam JAERI (Tokaimura) Super-K: 22.5 kt Hyper-K: 1000 kt 0.77MW 50 GeV PS 4MW 50 GeV PS ( conventional n beam) Phase-I (0.77MW + Super-Kamiokande) Phase-II (4MW+Hyper-K) ~ Phase-I 200

  18. Far Det. Decay Pipe q Decay Pipe Horns Target Focusing Devices Proton Beam Target m nm p,K Beam Dump JHF Superbeam “Conventional” neutrino beam Kobayashi “Off-axis”

  19. JHF Neutrino Factory Neuffer Neutrino Factory based on FFAGs: Fixed Field Alternating Gradient synchrotrons

  20. Others….. • Upgrade to the AGS – BNL to Homestake/ WIPP superbeam Kahn See hep-ex/0205040 • ISIS upgrade: Rees • New ring, R=78m; ISIS R=26m • 3 GeV at 50Hz – 1MW neutron spallation source • 8 GeV at 50/3 Hz – 1MW R&D for a Neutrino Factory • Same RF, modified magnet P/S for 8 GeV • Possibility of developing to 4MW

  21. Targetry Many difficulties: enormous power density lifetime problems pion capture Stationary target: Replace target between bunches: Liquid mercury jet or rotating solid target Proposed rotating tantalum target ring Sievers Densham

  22. Liquid Hg Tests Tests with a proton beam at BNL. • Proton power 16kW in 100ns Spot size 3.2 x 1.6 mm • Hg jet - 1cm diameter; 3m/s Kirk 0.0ms 0.5ms 1.2ms 1.4ms 2.0ms 3.0ms Dispersal velocity ~10m/s, delay ~40s

  23. 1cm Liquid Hg Tests Tests with a 20T magnet at Grenoble. Fabich/Lettry Mercury jet (v=15 m/s) B = 0T B = 18T Jet deflection Reduction in velocity

  24. Pion Capture: Solenoids Kirk 20T 1.25T

  25. Pion Capture: Horn Current of 300 kA p To decay channel Protons B = 0 Hg target B1/R Gilardoni

  26. Pion Capture: Horn Inner conductor Tests of inner horn prototype delayed due to budget constraints Gilardoni

  27. Raja Ellis Main Injector Particle Production Experiment 5-120 GeV, FNAL, 2002-2004 The Hadron Production Experiment 2-15 GeV, East Hall, CERN Particle Production Experiments

  28. Phase Rotation Beam after ~200MHz rf rotation; Beam is formed into string of equal-energy bunches; matched to cooling rf acceptance Beam after drift plus adiabatic buncher – Beam is formed into string of ~ 200MHz bunches Neuffer

  29. Phase Rotation Many ideas: Studyii • Induction linac • Drift and bunching • Phase rotation in an FFAG • Bunch to bucket at 88MHz • Magnetic compression in AG chicane • Weak focussing FFAG chicane Neuffer Sato Hanke Pasternak Rees/Harold

  30. Muon Frontend Chicane Pion-muon decay channel 88 MHz muon linac Rees/Harold

  31. Muon Frontend Chicane

  32. Muon Frontend Chicane Solenoid channel Es=190MeV Solenoid channel Es=190MeV RF phase rotation channel Es=190MeV Inverse rotation channel Es=190MeV Linac Es=400MeV (Transmission =77%) Linac Es=400MeV Transmission comparable to 44/88MHz scheme

  33. Cooling • Cooling  >10 increase in muon flux • Existing techniques can’t be used  ionsation cooling beam in • Cooling is delicate balance: beam out

  34. Cooling • Cooling cells are complex • R&D essential: MuCool, MuScat and MICE McKigney

  35. Cooling • Main change: Rings! Main advantages: shorter longitudinal cooling Balbekov Palmer

  36. More Rings RFOFO Ring Cooler Quadrupole Ring Cooler Cline Palmer

  37. Performance Merit = 6 x trans. But….. Insertion  110 RF windows Wedge absorber Injection kicker Palmer

  38. Performance

  39. MuScat • Measurement of muon multiple scattering • Input for cooling simulations and MICE • First (technical) run at TRIUMF summer 2000, M11 beam Murray • Run2: Oct 2002/Apr 2003 • New people welcome!

  40. MICE MICE • Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment • Collaboration of 40 institutes from Europe, Japan, US • LOI recently reviewed by international panel at RAL • Enthusiastically supported MICE • Asked for a proposal by end 2002 Edgecock • Construction: 2002-2004 • First beam: 2004/5 • New collaborators welcome!

  41. MICE Muon Acceleration • Needs to be fast – muon lifetime • Needs to be a reasonable cost – not linacs all the way • Baseline: Recirculating Linear Accelerators Bogacz • Other possibilities……

  42. MICE FFAGs • Fixed Field Alternating Gradient  magnets not ramped • Cheaper/faster RLAs/RCSs • Large momentum acceptance • Large transverse acceptance  less cooling required! Johnstone/Machida/Neuffer

  43. MICE FFAGs Proof Of Principle machine built and tested in Japan. 50keV to 500keV in 1ms. 150MeV FFAG under construction. But….. • Injection/extraction • Low frequency 6.5MHz high gradient

  44. MICE VRCS • Fastest existing RCS: ISIS at 50Hz  20ms • Proposal: accelerate in 58s  4.3kHz • Do it 15 times a second Summers For 2  20 GeV: Ring – 350m circumferenceRF – 200 MHz, 15 MV/m, possibly s/c Magnets – 100 micron laminations of thick grain oriented silicon steel Eddy current losses: 45MW  24kW Skin depth: 94 microns Power supplies: 115kV x 81kA Copper heating: 600 + 800W • Also proposed: 20  180 GeV 180  1600 GeV

  45. MICE Storage Ring • Straights should be large fraction • Should point at two far detectors • Come in various shapes Fraction of decays in a straight Length straights/length arcs

  46. MICE -Beams • Produce radioactive beta emitters with T½~1s • Accelerate and store: SPL Lindroos/Wenander/Zucchelli ISOL Target and ECR Linac Cyclotron Storage Ring PS SPS Decay ring/Buncher

  47. MICE -Beams Source: 6He T½=0.81s Elab= 580 MeV 5 x 1013/s Source: 18Ne T½=1.67s Elab= 930 MeV 1012/s • Single flavour • Known intensity & energy spectrum • Focussed • Low energy • Complementary to superbeams: same baseline/detector But…… not cheap, needs R&D, decays losses a problem

  48. Neutrino Oscillations Mixing described by For 3-flavour eigenstatesUis Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (MNS): 6 parameters:3 mixing angles - θ23,θ12 and θ13 CP-violation angle - δ 2 mass differences - Δm223 and Δm212 Transition probability:

  49. Neutrino Oscillations Or more precisely (in vacuum) Kimura Mena In matter where

  50. What don’t we know? • Which solar solution is correct (just) • Atmospheric params (accurately) • 13 (at all) •  (“ “) • Sign of m223 (“ “) • Whether LSND is correct “Holy grail” -   matter-antimatter  leptogenesis Ibarra/Morozumi/Pluemacher (Davdison & Ibarra, hep-ph/0206304:  important over much of parameter space) Choubey

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