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Understanding Herpesviridae: Characteristics, Infections, and Prevention Strategies

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Herpesviridae is a diverse family of enveloped viruses characterized by double-stranded DNA. They infect humans and animals, causing acute and latent infections. Key genera include Simplexvirus, responsible for oral and genital herpes, and Varicellovirus, which causes chickenpox and shingles. Infection is primarily through secretions, leading to painful lesions. Latency occurs in sensory neurons, with recurrences triggered by various factors. Neonatal herpes can be severe, requiring preventive measures such as acyclovir and caesarean delivery when necessary.

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Understanding Herpesviridae: Characteristics, Infections, and Prevention Strategies

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  1. Herpesviridiae Crista Wagner

  2. Herpesviridae Taxonomy Baltimore FAMILY I • 2XDNA  mRNA directly • enveloped Greek herpein "to creep" • infection creeps latency acute • >130 genera • Varicellovirus: chicken pox & shingles • Cytomegalovirus: immunocompromised individuals • Simplexvirus: oral & genital herpes

  3. Simplexvirus Characteristics • human host, no animal reservoir • 60–95% of adults • transmitted via infected secretions • causes painful necrotic lesions • herpes simplex encephalitis • latent infection course • acute in epithelia, self-limiting ~14d • latent in neurons • recurrence triggered by various factors

  4. Simplexvirus Reproduction

  5. HSV Infection of the Neonate • 1/2000 infected during birth, 3/4 to asymptomatic mothers • Prevention: MOB acyclovir , caesarean delivery • SEM: 45% of cases, mortality rate 0% • skin, eye and mouth lesions  CNS or DIS • CNS: 30% of cases, mortality rate 4% • central nervous system (encephalitis) • lethargy, fever, seizures, neurological dysfunction, brain destruction • DIS: 25% of cases, mortality rate 29% • disseminated to multiple organ systems: liver & lungs • lethargy, fever, pneumonia, liver dysfunction, coagulopathy • PCR for viral DNA, 14–21d IV acyclovir

  6. My Questions and Answers Question: Where are Simplexvirus during latent infection? Answer: sensory neurons No, no. Never, never do you want to have this slide as part of your presentation!!! Also…the answer is more detailed than what you said in your presentation!

  7. Herpesviridae Characteristics Instead, try something subtle… • Baltimore Group I • 2XDNA  mRNA directly • over 130 genera • infect animals or humans • enveloped • latent infection course • latent in neurons • acute in epithelia

  8. Things to Remember Dark background with white text is easier to see. Background designs can be distracting. More than ten words across the slide means your type is too small to be read. Too many words on the slide means you’re being ignored and everyone is just reading. Five minute presentations should have more than 7 slides. More than that, you’ve probably got too much information to finish on time.

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