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Moral Reasoning Ethical Judgments

Moral Reasoning Ethical Judgments. Characteristics of Kohlberg’s Stages. Considered a “hard” stage model, much like Piaget and Fowler Structure Criterion (consistent in thinking) Sequence Criterion (specified order)

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Moral Reasoning Ethical Judgments

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  1. Moral ReasoningEthical Judgments

  2. Characteristics of Kohlberg’s Stages • Considered a “hard” stage model, much like Piaget and Fowler • Structure Criterion (consistent in thinking) • Sequence Criterion (specified order) • Hierarchy Criterion (each stage is more developed/complex than the previous one)

  3. Kohlberg and Rest • Kohlberg’s theory is limited only to structures of moral reasoning • Rest stressed moral behavior of which moral reasoning is only one component • Rest identified 4 components to moral behavior: • Moral Sensitivity • Moral Reasoning • Moral Motivation • Moral Action

  4. Kohlberg and Rest

  5. Conditions FacilitatingMoral Development • Kohlberg argued that moral development required both cognitive development and social perspective taking • Two factors contribute to moral development: • Exposure to higher-stage thinking • Disequilibrium (i.e. cognitive conflict)

  6. Carol Gilligan • Graduate student of Kohlberg at Harvard • Critical of Kohlberg’s work at his model was based only on the study of men, but had been applied to both men and women • Critical of Kohlberg’s rejection of ethical neutrality and cultural relativism • In A Different Voice (1982) • Care Voice vs. Justice Voice

  7. Justice vs. Care • Kohlberg held that people made meaning of their world by understanding rights and rules. • This perspective was based upon his philosophical background in Enlightenment Philosophy and his experience during WWII on a ship that smuggled Jews out of Europe • Gilligan held that women differed from Kohlberg’s assumptions in that they made meaning through relationships and attachment to others. • Gilligan has been criticized by both traditional psychologists and philosophers, as well as certain segments of feminist movement (although she is praised by others).

  8. Kohlberg and Gilligan

  9. Professional Ethics • While Kohlberg, Rest, and Gilligan provide a helpful lens in understanding student behavior (e.g. why residents will not tell officials who vandalized a resident hall lobby); they also help us to evaluate our own decision-making processes (e.g. decision to admit a student who doesn’t meet admission qualifications because parent is on the Board of Trustees)

  10. ACPA Ethical Principles (2006) • Benefit Others • Promote Justice • Respect Autonomy • Be Faithful • Do No Harm • What Action Do You Take When The Principles Are in Conflict?

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