1 / 18

Soft System Methodology

Payam Hanafizadeh, Ph.D. School of Management and Accounting Allameh Tabataba'i University URL: www.hanafizadeh.com Email:hanafizadeh@gmail.com . Soft System Methodology. Contents. Different Types of Problems. 1. 2. System Classification. 3. Models and Modeling .

tacita
Télécharger la présentation

Soft System Methodology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Payam Hanafizadeh, Ph.D. School of Management and Accounting Allameh Tabataba'i University URL:www.hanafizadeh.com Email:hanafizadeh@gmail.com Soft System Methodology

  2. Contents Different Types of Problems 1 2 System Classification 3 Models and Modeling Checkland Methodology 4

  3. Problem Classification Different Types of Problems Hard Problems Soft Problems A hard or structured problem is one which is exclusively concerned with “ How” type of question A soft or unstructured, problem is one which is typified by being mixtures or both “What” and “ How” type of question

  4. Problem Classification Different Types Of Problem Soft Problems Example Hard Problems Example A particular manager may be faced with the problem that Production Performance could be better

  5. Problem Classification The ways of describing the problem situations ( modeling languages) need to be appropriate to the nature of the problem under investigation . Since the Hard/Soft distinction refers to the extremes of a possible problem spectrum

  6. Problem Classification (Checkland 1978) Checkland believes that the engineering approaches are appropriate for structured issues where the problem situation is well described (hard problems).

  7. Problem Classification (Checkland 1978) However, with large and ill-structured problems about whose definition divergent views exist (soft problems), the role of traditional system engineering approach is weakened and that of soft systems approach is emphasized.

  8. Systematic vs. systemic approach • Engineering design methodologies (1940) • Following the Second World War: complex, costly, market environment, computer development • Scientific approach: decompose the problem into its components (reductionist) • Soft thinking methodology (1900) • Developments in biology concerned with the organism as a whole • Holistic approach: Studying the properties and behavior of the whole, water has property of witness • Complexity describes in terms of its emergent properties

  9. Social And Cultural Systems Human Activity Systems Natural Systems Designed Systems System Classification System Classification

  10. Social And Cultural Systems Human Activity Systems Natural Systems Designed Systems System Classification System Classification

  11. Models and Modelling Model Definition : A model is the explicit interpretation of one ‘s understanding of a situation. It can be expressed in mathematics, symbols or words, but it is essentially a description of entities, processes or attributes and the relationship between them.

  12. Forms of Models Model is a miniature or enlarged version of the real article and the relevant properties of the real article . Example : A stress model of a bridge ; An aircraft model for wind tunnel testing Iconic Models Model of quite different physical appearance may be constructed which, nevertheless, is expected to .reproduce repetitive behavior. Example : Water flow through small plastic tanks at room temperature is used to investigate the behavior of molten glass in large furnaces at temperatures around 1000 c. MODELS Analogic Models Model to show mathematical or logical relationship. Example : Traffic behavior of a street. Analytic Models

  13. Conceptual Model

  14. www.Win2Farsi.com Rich Picture as a Conceptual Model

  15. Checkland Methodology This methodology is a 7-stage process using the conceptual model to show relevant activities in human activity system. SSM begins when crisis happens in the current circumstances of a particular company and forces it to search for a solution. It is then the time for root definitions and models to be formed based on a distinct ‘worldview’, i.e., that view of the world which enables an analyst to attribute meaning to what is observed.

  16. Checkland Methodology Stage 1: The problem situation unstructured Stage 7 : Action to solve the problem or improve the situation Taking Action Stage 6: Definition of feasible desirable changes Finding Out Stage 2: The problem situation expressed Stage 5: Comparison of 2 with 4 Real World System Thinking About the Real World Stage 3: Root Definition of relevant systems Stage 4: Conceptual Models 4a : Formal system concept 4b : Other system thinking

  17. Soft SystemMethodology

  18. The end More comments and questions Thanks for your attention

More Related