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Waves and Wave Interactions

Waves and Wave Interactions. Mr. Dunk Pre-AP Physics Pearland High School. What are waves?. one way to transport energy from place to place is by transporting an object another (more complicated) way is by the use of waves

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Waves and Wave Interactions

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  1. Waves and Wave Interactions Mr. Dunk Pre-AP Physics Pearland High School

  2. What are waves? • one way to transport energy from place to place is by transporting an object • another (more complicated) way is by the use of waves • a wave involves some quantity or disturbance that changes in magnitude with respect to time at a given location and changes in magnitude from place to place at a given time

  3. Types of Waves • some waves occur only in material media (mechanical waves), others are not restricted to material media • wave – a disturbance that propagates through a medium or space (transfer of energy without large-scale transfer of matter)

  4. Examples of Waves • examples of waves that move through material media • waves in water • shock wave of an explosion • sonic boom • ?

  5. Examples of Waves • examples of waves that do not require material media • light • radio waves • X-rays • ?

  6. Mechanical Waves • mechanical wave – a disturbance in the equilibrium positions of matter, the magnitude of which is dependent on location and on time; must have a source of energy; must have an elastic medium

  7. Transverse Waves • transverse waves – traditionally, crest and trough waves; the displacement of the particles of the medium caused by the pulse is perpendicular to the direction in which the pulse travels; can be a crest, a trough, or both

  8. Pulses and Continuous Waves • pulse – a single, non-repeated disturbance • continuous wave (wave train) – caused by a periodic succession of pulses

  9. Longitudinal Waves • longitudinal (compression or rarefaction) waves – displacement of particles of the medium is parallel to the direction in which the pulse travels

  10. Longitudinal Waves

  11. Radiation • radiation – propagation of energy by means of electromagnetic waves; does not need a medium for propagation

  12. Frequency of a Wave

  13. Period of a Wave

  14. Wavelength • wavelength () – distance between any particle in a wave and the nearest particle that is in phase with it; distance advanced by the wave motion in one period

  15. Velocity of a Wave • the speed of a wave depends on the nature of the wave disturbance and on the medium through which it passes (sometimes depends on , e.g. a dispersive medium)

  16. Velocity of a Wave

  17. Energy and Waves • equilibrium positions; related to the energy flow in the system • energy transported (or expended) per unit of time is the power transmitted by the wave • the rate of transfer of energy (or the power transmitted by a wave system) is proportional to the square of the wave amplitude and also to the square of the wave frequency

  18. Amplitude • amplitude – the maximum displacement of the vibrating particles of the medium from their equilibrium point

  19. Damping • damping – the reduction in amplitude of a wave due to the dissipation of wave energy as it travels away from the source

  20. Constructive Interference • constructive interference – when individual displacements on the same side of the equilibrium position are added together to form the resultant wave (resultant is larger than either of the component waves)

  21. Constructive Interference

  22. Destructive Interference • destructive interference – when individual displacements on opposite sides of the equilibrium position are added together to form the resultant wave (resultant is smaller than either of the component waves)

  23. Destructive Interference

  24. Superposition • superposition – the combination of two overlapping waves

  25. Reflected Waves • at a free boundary, waves are reflected • at a fixed boundary, waves are reflected and inverted

  26. Reflected Waves

  27. Standing Waves • standing wave – a wave pattern that results when two waves of the same frequency, wavelength, and amplitude travel in opposite directions and interfere

  28. Nodes and Antinodes • node – a point in a standing wave that always undergoes complete destructive interference and therefore is stationary • antinode – a point in a standing wave, halfway between two nodes, at which the largest amplitude occurs

  29. Nodes and Antinodes

  30. Louis de Broglie

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