The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism

1. CHAPTER 28 The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism Section 1: The Postwar Era Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union

2. Section 1: The Postwar Era Objectives: • Explain how scientific theories affected thinking in other areas of life. • Identify ways in which writers, musicians, painters, and architects experimented with new forms. • Describe how popular culture and consumerism affected societies.

3. Section 1: The Postwar Era The Effects of Scientific Events and Ideas • A global epidemic • Scientific and social theories

4. Section 1: The Postwar Era New Directions in Literature • Dissatisfaction with traditional ideas, disillusionment • Examination of unconscious motivations • Surrealism • Poetry without rhyme with lines of varying lengths

5. Section 1: The Postwar Era New Directions in Music, Painting, and Architecture • Music – Stravinsky, Schoenberg; radio gave rise to jazz • Painting – Picasso created cubism; Dali used surrealism • Architecture – Sullivan used functionalism, developed skyscraper; Frank Lloyd Wright influenced international style

6. Section 1: The Postwar Era Popular Culture and Consumerism • Entertainment – motion pictures, sports • Consumer culture – more luxury items purchased, radio advertising, buying on credit, prohibition

7. Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Objectives: • Identify the weaknesses that appeared in the global economy during the postwar era. • Describe how nations initially responded to the Great Depression. • Explain how the New Deal marked a shift in the U.S. government’s relationship with its citizens and the economy.

8. Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Signs of Economic Troubles • Farmers – farmers struggled while industry prospered • Protectionism – economic nationalism • Speculation and panic – risky investments in stock market, Black Tuesday occurred when stock market crashed

9. Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles The Great Depression • Destroyed surpluses • Tried economic nationalism

10. Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles The New Deal • Program of relief and reform • Social Security Act provided for unemployment and old-age benefits

11. Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I Objectives: • Describe the difficulties that France faced during the postwar years. • Explain how the British government dealt with its domestic problems. • Identify the problems that weakened eastern European governments.

12. Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I France’s Postwar Difficulties • The economy – government and individuals were in debt • International affairs – Locarno Pact pledged that countries would peacefully settle all future disputes • Political unrest – strikes in various industries; Popular Front came to power, then fell; extremist actions

13. Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I Great Britain After World War I • Labor troubles – outdated industry, unemployment • Ireland - bloody revolt against Great Britain; Irish Republican Army fought for independence

14. Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I Eastern Europe • Weak economies • Conflicts between socialists and conservatives • New boundaries caused unrest

15. Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships Objectives: • Describe how Benito Mussolini transformed Italy into a fascist state. • Explain why the Weimar Republic failed. • Trace how Adolf Hitler became an important figure in Germany. • Describe how the Nazis used power in Germany.

16. Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships The Rise of Fascism in Italy • Fascist doctrine – dictatorship and totalitarianism, opposed communism and democracy • Mussolini’s rise to power – appointed Fascists to all official positions in center government • The corporatist state – major economic activities were organized similar to corporations

17. Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships The Weimar Republic • Treaty of Versailles was humiliating, opposed Germany’s interests • High unemployment, soaring inflation

18. Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships The Nazis and Hitler • Nazi Party was extremely nationalistic, anti-Semitic, and anticommunist • Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, which planned for racial purity, promised to repeal Treaty of Versailles

19. Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships The Nazis in Power • Created anticommunist hysteria

20. Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Objectives: • Identify the terms of the New Economic Policy. • Describe how Stalin shaped the Soviet economy. • Explain why Stalin imprisoned and executed millions of Soviet people.

21. Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Russia Under Lenin • New Economic Policy – nationalized industries, collectivized arms • Women’s roles – gave women more rights • Education was priority

22. Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union The Five-Year Plan • Ambitious agricultural, industrial, and social goals to create a modern, industrialized society • Caused hardships for Soviet people, were forced to comply

23. Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Stalin’s Dictatorship • Government under Stalin – purge of disloyal party members, extended to general population • Foreign policy – wanted rest of world to accept Soviet Union, but tried to spread Communist revolution