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Log: 1/20

Log: 1/20. Page 32 Planet Diary. Chapter 2 Minerals and Rocks. Table of Contents 2.1 Properties of Minerals 2.2 Classifying Rocks 2.3 Igneous Rocks 2.4 Sedimentary Rocks 2.5 Metamorphic Rocks 2.6 The Rock Cycle. Properties of Minerals. Are They or Aren’t They?

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Log: 1/20

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  1. Log: 1/20 • Page 32 Planet Diary

  2. Chapter 2 Minerals and Rocks Table of Contents 2.1 Properties of Minerals 2.2 Classifying Rocks 2.3 Igneous Rocks 2.4 Sedimentary Rocks 2.5 Metamorphic Rocks 2.6 The Rock Cycle

  3. Properties of Minerals Are They or Aren’t They? To be classified as a mineral, a substance must satisfy five requirements.

  4. Defining Minerals Crystal Structure and Solid Naturally Occurring Means formed by a natural process. • Have flat sides called faces • Produced by a repeating pattern of atoms (ions or molecules)

  5. Defining Minerals Inorganic Definite Chemical Composition The mineral always contains specific element in definite proportions. • Are formed from none living things.

  6. Elements Pure substances that can't be broken down by in to simpler substances All minerals contain 1 or more of 92 elements

  7. Atoms and Elements Elements are made of one kind of atom Atom are the smallest part of any element that has all the properties When two or more elements combine it makes a compound Example

  8. How Minerals are Identified 2.2 Page 35

  9. Each mineral has characteristic properties that can be used to identify it. • Luster • Streak • Color • Hardness • Density • Crystal Structure • Cleavage and Fracture • Special Properties

  10. Luster- How the material reflects light 3 main types of luster • Metallic-shiny, bright and reflective • Looks like a metal • Example : silver, copper, etc

  11. Waxy , Greasy or Pearly Pollucite Sphalerite Nepheline and cancrinite • Glassy – • example: quartz, tourmaline • Resinous (like resin or sap from a tree) – • example: sphalerite • Greasy or waxy – • example: turquoise

  12. Silky Stellerite • Silky – having the look of silk, fine parallel fibers of mineral • example: asbestos Gypsum

  13. Streak • The color of powder form of the mineral left on a porcelain plate called a streak plate (must be softer than the porcelain) • The streak color is not effected by environment so it more reliable than color

  14. Hardness Hardness How easily the mineral can be scratched Can be compared to the hardness of other minerals by using the Mohs scale

  15. Hardness

  16. Density Ratio of mass to volume • Determined by the mass of the atoms and how close they are

  17. Cleavage • The way the mineral splits along flat surfaces or tendency to break smooth • Determined by the arrangement of the atoms • Not all minerals have cleavage

  18. Fracture The tendency to break unevenly along curved or irregular surfaces These minerals do not have planes of weakness and break irregularly.

  19. Log: Dec. 7th What do geologist uses to determine how hard a mineral is? What are the 3 types of luster? What things can I use to identify minerals?

  20. Special Properties page 73 Fluorescent Magnetism Taste Chemical Reaction Optical Properties Radioactivity

  21. Fluorescent Minerals

  22. Color • Color by itself IS NOT sufficient to identify a mineral • The same mineral can be found in a variety of colors • Things that change color • Impurities • Exposure to air or water (other elements)

  23. How Do Minerals form??? • Organic Process • Crystalized from Solutions • Crystalized as lava or Magma Cool

  24. Organic Minerals Different animals produce shells and skeletons. Examples: Clams and Coral can produce calcite.

  25. Solution Minerals Solution – a mixture in which a substance is dissolved in another. Two Forms of solution Minerals Evaporation- when the water in salt water evaporates it leaves halite. Hot Water solution- Hot water can dissolve elements and compounds that form minerals once the cool.

  26. Magma and Lava Formations Minerals form once hot magma or lava cool. Magma Cools slowly below the surface and forms large crystals. Example: Quartz, mica and tourmaline

  27. Properties of Minerals Complete the graphic organizer to show how a geode forms in four steps.

  28. Log: 1/27 • Read Lab Worksheet • Open book for HW check. Trade with someone at your table. • What is the purpose of determining a minerals streak Color?

  29. Lesson 2Classifying Rocks Page 44

  30. Log: 1/30 • Read and answer questions form planet diary page 44

  31. How do Geologist Classify p.45 • To Study rock samples geologist observe the rock’s mineral composition, color and texture.

  32. Mineral Composition and Color • Rock can be composed of one mineral or more. • Rock- forming minerals. • 20 different minerals make up majority of the rock found in the Earth Crust. • Granite- light color with high silica (made with silicone and oxygen) content. • Basalt- dark color, low silica ,tiny mineral crystals

  33. Texture- look and feel of rocks surface. Grains-give the rock texture Grain Shape Grain Size • Grain Pattern

  34. Rock Origins Rocks are classified by the way they formed. Three Main Groups

  35. Log: 1/31 • Read lab • What safety things do you need for this lab? • How many drops of wax go into the hot water? • What is the spoon used for? • Show me your ready by prepping your desk.

  36. Igneous RockClassification Origin and Texture

  37. Igneous Rock Igneous Rock Origins and Textures The texture of igneous rock varies according to its origin.

  38. Igneous Rock Used • Tools • Building Materials • Kitchen and bathroom counters • Walk ways

  39. Log: 2/6 • What are the 3 main types of sedimentary rock? • What is weathering?

  40. Sedimentary

  41. Sedimentary Rocks How Sedimentary Rock Forms Sedimentary rocks form through a series of processes over millions of years.

  42. Sedimentary Rocks Put the terms listed in the word bank in the proper sequence to show how mountains can change into sedimentary rock.

  43. Clastic Rocks • Formed from rock fragments • Classified by size of fragments

  44. Sedimentary Rocks pg 55 • Organic Rocks • How do coal and limestone form? • Organic rocks form from living things such as plants and animal remains.

  45. Chemical Rocks

  46. Sedimentary Rocks

  47. Metamorphic Rocks

  48. Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic Rock Great heat and pressure can change one type of rock into another. Are these types of rock sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic? Which rock can form from the other rock?

  49. The Rock Cycle The Rock Cycle Through melting, weathering and erosion, and heat and pressure, the rock cycle constantly changes rocks from one type into another type.

  50. The Rock Cycle The Rock Cycle and Plate Tectonics New rock forms on the ocean floor at the mid-Atlantic ridge. Here, two plates move apart.

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