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IEEE short course C alorimetry

IEEE short course C alorimetry. Erika Garutti (DESY Hamburg, Germany) erika.garutti@desy.de Michele Livan (University of Pavia, Italy) Frank Simon (MPI Munich, Germany). Technical information. Outline of the course. Particle detection.

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IEEE short course C alorimetry

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  1. IEEE short courseCalorimetry Erika Garutti (DESY Hamburg, Germany) erika.garutti@desy.de Michele Livan (University of Pavia, Italy) Frank Simon (MPI Munich, Germany) IEEE short course: Calorimetry

  2. Technical information IEEE short course: Calorimetry

  3. Outline of the course IEEE short course: Calorimetry

  4. Particle detection High energy physics (but also photon-science, nuclear medicine, homeland security) is concerned with the detection of particles • The detector sees only“stable” particles: • Electrons, muons, photons, pions, kaons, protons and neutrons • In order to detect a particle, it has to interact - and deposit energy • Ultimately, the signals are obtained from the interactions of charged particles • Neutral particles (gammas, neutrons) have to transfer their energy to charged particles to be measured  calorimeters IEEE short course: Calorimetry

  5. Particle detection IEEE short course: Calorimetry

  6. E e- S Convert energyEof incident particles to detector responseS: S E Calorimetry: a simpleconcept particle showers electric optical thermic acoustic IEEE short course: Calorimetry

  7. E e- S Homogeneous vs non-homogeneous • Ideal calorimeter: • Contain all energy of one particle+ • Convert all energy into measurable signal • Homogeneous (i.e. crystal) • In practice: • Homogeneous calorimeter only possible for electrons (shorter showers) • Sometimes too expensive also for electrons • Lateral segmentation possible but (so far) no depth information • Alternative solution Sampling calorimeter • Contain all energy of one particle + • Sample its energy during shower development ( Evisible Etotal) • Many different designs • - calorimeter imbiss: sandwich, shashlik, spaghetti • liquid versions: LAr • … IEEE short course: Calorimetry

  8. How to “look” at the signal • Convert particle energy to light: • scintillator (org. / in-org.) • & measure light: • PMT / APD / HPD / SiPM … • Measure ionization E: • gas • noble liquids • semiconductors • & measure charge signal • Measure temperature: • specialized detectors for:DM, solar ns, magnetic monopoles, double b-decay • very precise measurements of small energy deposits • phenomena that play a role in the 1 Kelvin to few milli-Kelvin range IEEE short course: Calorimetry

  9. Choosing a calorimeter Many factors: Choices: active, passive materials, longitudinal and lateral segmentation etc. Physics, radiation levels, environmental conditions, budget CAVEAT: Test beam results sometimes misleading • Signals large integration time or signal integration over large volume could be not possible in real experimental conditions • Miscellaneous materials (cables, support structures, electronics etc.) present in the real experiment can spoil resolution • Jet resolution not measurable in a test beam IEEE short course: Calorimetry

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