Do-Now- Thinking Differently…

1. Do-Now- Thinking Differently… • Take 10 minutes • What are the challenges of presenting new ideas? • Think: Stem Cell Research, Gay Marriage, Alternative Fuel Sources • What is a schism? • A schism is a division in a church or a religious group.

2. Martin Luther, The Printing Press & Change Mr. Barchetto Notes #7 Protestant Reformation

3. Understanding Christianity • Christian Church (During the Roman Empire) • “Christians”Christian Church (East-West Schism 1054) • “Catholics” • Roman Catholic Church • (Latin-W. Europe) • “Byzantines” • Eastern Orthodox Church • (Greek- E. Europe) Why does this split occur? Church split along doctrinal, theological, linguistic, political, and geographical lines • “Protestant” • Protestant Reformation • (Lutheran Churches) • “Anglican” • English Reformation • (King Henry Church of England) • “Protestant” • Calvinism • (John Calvin Churches)

4. Catholic Church during Middle Ages Church acted like country Collected taxes—tithe (ty-thed) Raised armies—crusaders Wrote laws—canon laws Papal Supremacy Pope influenced politics Stopped scientific study Killed non-believers Killed questioning Christians Catholic Church during Renaissance Church became wealthy patron to the arts Church begin supporting artists to create works of art for the Church. Sistine Chapel St. Peter’s Basilica Sold indulgences to support projects Only the wealthy could buy indulgences What was an indulgence? It was a free pass or pardon releasing the sinner from time in Purgatory. The Church & its’ growing problems?

5. A 100 years before Luther… John Wycliffe John Huss • Englishman • “Christ was meek…the pope sits on his throne and makes lords to kiss his feet.” • True head of Church was Jesus Christ • Clergy should own no land or wealth • Bible alone was final authority for Christian life. • Bohemian (Czech Republic) • Was influenced greatly by Wycliffe’s writings • Taught that the authority of the bible was higher than that of the pope. • Preached sermons in Czech rather than in Latin.

6. A 100 years before Luther… What changes take place in the next 100 years? • By all accounts it would have made sense that the Reformation happen in the early 1400’s. • However, there are two important reasons why the Protestant Reformation did not begin until after Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg. • #1 New ideas of the Renaissance • #2 The Printing Press

7. #1:New Ideas of the Renaissance • During the Renaissance people expected higher standards especially in the clergy • Popular religious leaders roused the people with fiery sermons • Girolamo Savonarola (1490) • Christian Humanists called attention to corruption in the church and the need for reform • Desiderius Erasmus • In Praise of Folly (1509) • Thomas More • Utopia (1516)

8. #2:The Printing Press • Using handout follow directions and complete activity… • What is the first book copied on Gutenberg’s printing press? • What does this activity tell you about the art of copying books? • What does this activity tell you about the cost of books before the printing press? • What does this activity tell you about education in Europe? Many writers criticized the corruption of Renaissance Popes. Printed books on religion encouraged popular piety Printing Press made bible available for everyone to read and interpret.

9. Who is Martin Luther… • Born in the Saxony region of German • son of a copper miner • July 2, 1505, while riding a horse Luther is struck by lightening • Vows to become a monk and devote his life to God. • Father wanted his son to become a lawyer. • Luther was a devout Catholic searching for peace of mind • This peace was found in 1512 when Luther realized “The just shall live by faith”…key to salvation was not fasting and praying but instead a strong faith in God. • This would become the foundation of the Lutheran faith

10. Luther’s Motivation is Ignited… • Luther had no intention of challenging the church • …but by 1517 something occurred that made Luther spring into action. • Johann Tetzel- 1517 • Selling indulgences in Germany for the completion of St. Peter’s Basilica • Led people to believe they were able to buy their way to heaven, even if they were not good Christians.

11. October 31, 1517…495 years ago • Luther nail’s his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg • Luther’s grievances with the Catholic Church dealing with 5 main areas. • Salvation • gained through strict observance of the bible • Indulgences • Sins can not be forgiven by purchasing indulgences • Bible • Bible is final law not the Catholic Church • Pope • Tired of the corruption by past and present Popes • Christian Identity • Concerned Christians are forgetting their faith • Printing Press  Creates widespread support

12. The Storm which Follows… “I would never have thought that such a storm would rise from Rome over one simple scrap of paper” -Martin Luther Task: Using page 56 in your text book. Identify the event and the significance of the following dates in response to Luther’s 95 Theses.

13. The Response to Luther • 1520- Pope Leo X • Leo issues a decree threatening Luther with excommunication if he did not recant his ideas. • Martin Luther burns the decree and the Leo X excommunicates him. • 1521- Edict of Worms • After Luther’s speech and refusal to recant his ideas Charles declared Luther an outlaw . • 1522- Luther returns Home • After a year in hiding Luther returns to Wittenberg to find people embracing his teachings…at this point instead of continuing to seek reforms in the church Luther and his followers become there own religion—Lutherans. • 1524- Peasants’ Revolt • Peasants’ adopt Luther’s ideas as a way to change social life. Luther does not side with revolt and Peasants are crushed by German princes over 100,000 die. • 1529- Germany at War • Princes in Germany begin to pick sides. Those princes who chose to support Luther’s ideas became known as Protestants. • 1555- Peace of Augsburg • Charles tired of fighting made an agreement which would allow each German prince to decide the religion of their state.