Introduction ---- Digital Gazetteers Integration into Distributed Library Services

Introduction----Digital GazetteersIntegration into Distributed Library Services JCDL 2002 Workshop Sponsored by Networked Knowledge Organization Systems/Services (NKOS)

Cataloging – Metadata Creation Metadata <!ENTITY % geographic-coordinate "(#PCDATA)">  <!ELEMENT west_bounding_coor %geographic-coordinate;> <!ELEMENT east_bounding_coor %geographic-coordinate;> <!ELEMENT south_bounding_coor %geographic-coordinate;> <!ELEMENT north_bounding_coor %geographic-coordinate;> <!ELEMENT measurement_begin_date %calendar-date;> Translation needed between placenames - locations Search Engines Gazetteers Where is …? What’s there? What happened there? Place-based information challenge Papers Data Maps Books Georeferencing by placename and by spatial footprint Harvested Webpages GIS datasets Aerial photos Oral histories JCDL 2002 Workshop Prelude ADEPT, Smith, October 1999

Metadata For Objects and Collections Designing Cataloging Digitizing Servicing Collections I say … you say I mean … you mean Here’s where I am … where are you? Reference Tools Reference sources in DLs JCDL 2002 Workshop Prelude

Reference sources in DLs • Thesauri • Authority files • Concept spaces • Gazetteers • Dictionaries • Glossaries • Subject heading sets • Classification systems Knowledge Organization Systems/Services * • Defined structures, supported services • Common view of all types of KOS as objects in DLs *KOS JCDL 2002 Workshop Prelude

Geographic Place Type (controlled vocabulary) Digital gazetteer essentials Name • None of these elements are unique identifiers of a particular place JCDL 2002 Workshop Prelude

What's a gazetteer? • Originally (in the simplest case) • setof (name, location) • the "index" in an atlas • a "geographical dictionary" • feature labels for GIS data layers • ADL basics • setof (name, type, location) • ADL extended • Time-stamped names, extents, and relationships • Descriptive information about names and places • Merging of information about a place from multiple sources • Preferred definition • Spatial dictionary of named and typed places JCDL 2002 Workshop Prelude

Roles of gazetteers in digital libraries • Collections • useful information in their own right • References • canonical (official or preferred) names and locations • "Finding aids" • where's this? location = gaz(name, type) • what's here? (name, type) = gaz(location) JCDL 2002 Workshop Prelude

Digital libraries and gazetteers • Content + Standards + Services • Communities >> domain-specific gazetteers (local and specific knowledge) • Exchange >> shared standards • Protocols >> search & retrieval for distributed gazetteers • Federations • "middleware" (broker) aggregates access to multiple gazetteers JCDL 2002 Workshop Prelude

Workshop presentations • Digital gazetteers as DL components • Linda Hill (UCSB): Content standards for digital gazetteers • James Frew (UCSB): Textual-Geospatial Integration (TGI) Project • Ruth Mostern (Berkeley): Digital gazetteer standards for history and culture • Protocols for accessing distributed gazetteers and thesauri • Greg Janée (UCSB): Gazetteer and thesaurus service protocols • Jens Fitzke (University of Bonn): Standard-based gazetteer services JCDL 2002 Workshop Prelude

Workshop presentations • Gazetteer integration projects • Ya-ning Chen, Shu-jiun Chen, Han-wei Yen, Hsiung-ming Liaw (Academia Sinica, Taiwan): Digital gazetteer service in context of Chinese culture • Andy Corbett, James Reid, David Medyckyj-Scott, Cressida Chappell (Universities of Edinburgh and Essex): Geo-Crosswalk – A gazetteer service and server for the UK • Gudrun Richardson, Humphrey Southall (Great Britain Historical GIS Project): From a historical GIS to an on-line administrative gazetteer of Great Britain JCDL 2002 Workshop Prelude

Workshop presentations • Gazetteer integration projects • David Smith (Tufts): Mining gazetteer data from digital library collections • Patrick McGlamery (University of Connecticut): Inferring areal geographies for non-bounded places in Connecticut • Rhian Evans, Peter Morton (Atlas of Canada): The Atlas of Canada: a gazetteer service and application • Summing up led by • Clifford Lynch, Executive Director of the Coalition for Networked Information JCDL 2002 Workshop Prelude

NKOS • Networked Knowledge Organization Systems/Services • Informal association for the discussion of the functional and data model for enabling knowledge organization systems (KOS), such as classification systems, thesauri, gazetteers, and ontologies, as networked interactive information services to support the description and retrieval of diverse information resources through the Internet. • Listserv hosted by NSF DLI2 Program. • See http://nkos.slis.kent.edu/ JCDL 2002 Workshop Prelude

CGGR • UCSB’s Center for Global Georeferencing Research • Listserv for the discussion of gazetteer related issues • Archives hosted by NSF DLI2 website • Seehttp://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu/gazetteer JCDL 2002 Workshop Prelude

Additional presentation at Prelude Jordan HastingsDoctoral student, GeographyUCSB Duplicate Resolution in Gazetteers Or Is this information about the same place as this other information? JCDL 2002 Workshop Prelude

Introduction ---- Digital Gazetteers Integration into Distributed Library Services