1. Diabetes Mellitus Andrea Strickland PTA 1010

2. Diabetes is a metabolic disease • Diabetes is a group of diseases caused by high blood glucose that results from defects in the bodys ability to use or produce insulin • More than one in ten American adults have some form of diabetes • Can effect young and old

3. Insulin • Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas • Helps regulate metabolism by taking up glucose from the blood • In a diabetic, insulin cannot be stored by the cells, so it remains in blood stream

4. Causes • Environment • Some people are born with the predisposition for diabetes, then something in your environment triggers it. • Genetics • Can be passed from parents • Obesity • Linked with poor family habits including diet and exercise

5. 3 COMMOM TYPES OF DIABETES • TYPE 1: JUVENILE ONSET • The body does not produce enough insulin • Requires injections • Inherited from both parents • Environmental factors such as cold weather, or a virus • Early diet • Affects 5%

6. TYPE 2: Adult Onset • Most common form of diabetes • Stronger link to family history • Affects 23% of Americans over age 60 • Factors include • Aging • Weight gain • Being sedentary • Lifestyle • Diet • Obesity • Harder to tell if its caused from lifestyle or genetics for some people

7. GeSTATIOnal DIABETES • When expecting mothers have high blood glucose levels • Can be harmful to the baby if not treated • Larger babies can be born (macrosomia) • Can led to childhood obesity • Can eventually turn into Type 2 when the child becomes an adult

8. Complications • Diabetes causes several complications • Heart Disease • Diabetics are twice as likely to have a heart attack • Factors are high blood pressure, obesity, and abnormal blood vessel function • Kidney Disease • Diabetes is leading cause of kidney failure • High blood sugar overworks kidneys causing them to filter too much blood • If kidney failure occurs, dialysis or transplant is necessary

9. Retinopathy • Capillaries in eyes are destroyed from too much sugar • Elevated blood glucose can cause the eye lens to swell, leading to blindness or blurred vision • Neuropathy • Excess blood sugar injures the walls of vessels, especially in legs • Causes loss of sensation • Foot ulcers can form • Amputation • 60% of lower limb amputations are from diabetes

11. Physical therapy • Physical therapy necessitates education for diabetics to better their health by promoting the benefits of exercise and nutrition • Communication skills • Individualized Exercise Program • Balance Exercises • Stretching • Strengthening • Aerobic exercise • Weight loss can greatly reduce many complications by regulating blood glucose levels and by lowering blood pressure • Educate diabetics about eating healthy • Lowering cholesterol • Watching sugar intake • Eating more fruits and veggies

12. Anodyne therapy • Helps treat pain, swelling, and improves sensation, through monochromatic infrared energy • Makes new blood vessels to help heal wounds • Studies show that 67% show pain reduction and better overall function after treatment • Teach Proper Foot Care • Help patients recognize harmful sores • Teaches diabetics how to clean feet properly and cut toe nails • Physical therapists help amputees • Teach balance, gait, and stabilization techniques • Teach exercises to get residual limb stronger for prosthetic • Educates amputee how to use and care for prosthetic

13. Physical therapy can help support families and educate them on how to care for a diabetic Through education, diet, and exercise, diabetes can become less of an issue in our country Can be controlled or completely prevented

14. Works cited • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes-Mellitus • http://www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/advocacy/state-legislative-priorities.pdf • http://www.cybert.com/ptdiabetes.asp • http://www.oandplibrary.org/alp/chap23-01.asp • http://www.centralpodiatry.com/photos/ulcer9.jpg • http://www.centralpodiatry.com/photos/ulcer4.jpg