Table of Contents

1. Table of Contents Chapter Preview 10.1 The Plant Kingdom 10.2 Plants Without Seeds 10.3 The Characteristics of Seed Plants 10.4 Roots, Stems, and Leaves 10.5 Reproduction in Seed Plants • 10.1 The Plant Kingdom • 10.2 Plants Without Seeds • 10.3 The Characteristics of Seed Plants • 10.4 Roots, Stems, and Leaves • 10.5 Reproduction in Seed Plants

2. Chapter 10 Preview Questions • 1. What are the raw materials for photosynthesis? • a. water and oxygen • b. sugar and oxygen • c. sugar and carbon dioxide • d. water and carbon dioxide

3. Chapter 10 Preview Questions • 1. What are the raw materials for photosynthesis? • a. water and oxygen • b. sugar and oxygen • c. sugar and carbon dioxide • d. water and carbon dioxide CO2

4. Chapter 10 Preview Questions • 2. What are the products of photosynthesis? • a. water and oxygen • b. sugar and oxygen • c. sugar and carbon dioxide • d. water and carbon dioxide

5. Chapter 10 Preview Questions • 2. What are the products of photosynthesis? • a. water and oxygen • b. sugar and oxygen • c. sugar and carbon dioxide • d. water and carbon dioxide O2

6. Chapter `10 Preview Questions • 3. Where in the cell does photosynthesis take place? • a. chloroplasts • b. chromosomes • c. nucleus • d. ribosomes

7. Chapter 10 Preview Questions • 3. Where in the cell does photosynthesis take place? • a. chloroplasts • b. chromosomes • c. nucleus • d. ribosomes

8. Chapter 10 Preview Questions • 4. What is the source of energy for photosynthesis? • a. oxygen • b. sugar • c. sunlight • d. plant food

9. Chapter 10 Preview Questions • 4. What is the source of energy for photosynthesis? • a. oxygen • b. sugar • c. sunlight • d. plant food

10. Suppose you were to put a healthy, growing plant into a completely dark room for two weeks. How would this affect the growth of the plant? Explain your answer. How does the structure of a plant allow it to grow and reproduce?

11. High-Use Academic Words Plant stems consist of several kinds of cells. consist v. To be formed or made of

12. High-Use Academic Words California has a diverse population, including people from many different countries. diverse adj. Different, varied

13. High-Use Academic Words The survival of the accident victim depends on quick medical attention. n. The act of staying alive or existing survival

14. High-Use Academic Words v. To carry from one place to another Trucks transport products from factories to stores. transport

15. Apply It! Choose the word that best completes each sentence. 1. For their __________, plants need water and sunlight. survival 2. A plant needs to __________ materials from one part of its body to another. transport 3. The structure of many plants __________ of leaves, stems, and roots. consists

16. End of Chapter Preview

17. Section 10.1: The Plant Kingdom • What characteristics do all plants share? • What do plants need to live successfully on land? • How do nonvascular plants and vascular plants differ? • What are the different stages of a plant’s lfe cycle?

18. What Is a Plant? • CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS: • ARE AUTOTROPHS • HAVE CELL WALLS • PRODUCE THEIR OWN FOOD • ALL ARE EUKARYOTES • CONTAIN MANY CELLS

19. PLANTS ARE AUTOTROPHS • THEY MAKE FOOD BY PHOTOSYNTHESIS • THEIR CELLS CONTAIN CHLOROPLASTS • CHLOROPLASTS CONTAIN CHLOROPHYLL

20. The body of a plant is organized into organ systems, organs, tissues, and cells. Plant Body Structure

21. The body of a plant is organized into organ systems, organs, tissues, and cells. Plant Body Structure

22. The body of a plant is organized into organ systems, organs, tissues, and cells. PLANTS ARE MULTICELLULAR

23. The body of a plant is organized into organ systems, organs, tissues, and cells. Plant Body Structure

24. Plant Body Structure • The body of a plant is organized into organ systems, organs, tissues, and cells.

25. Water Loss in Plants • The graph shows how much water a certain plant loses during the hours shown.

26. Horizontal axis–time of day; vertical axis–water loss. Reading Graphs: What variable is plotted along each axis? Water Loss in Plants

27. Most–midday; least–in the evening. Interpreting Data: According to the graph, during what part of the day did the plant lose the most water? The least water? Water Loss in Plants

28. The plant seemed to lose the most water during the sunniest or warmest parts of the day. Drawing Conclusions: What could account for the pattern of water loss shown? Water Loss in Plants

29. The line graph would descend during the night and then rise again in the morning hours, because the water loss is less during the night when there is no sun. Predicting: How would you expect the graph to look from 10 p.m. to 8 a.m.? Explain your reasoning. Water Loss in Plants

30. Section 10.2: Plants Without Seeds • What characteristics do the three groups of nonvascular plants share? • What characteristics do the three groups of seedless vascular plants share?

31. Mosses • A moss gametophyte is low-growing and has structures that look like roots, stems, and leaves. • The stalklikesporophyte generation remains attached to the gametophyte.

32. MOSS HORNWORTS AND LIVERWORTS • LOW GROWING IN MOIST AREAS • NO XYLEM (WATER) OR PHLOEM (FOOD) TISSUE • ABSORB WATER FROM THEIR ENVIRONMENT

33. Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants • Ferns, club mosses, and horsetails share two characteristics. They have true vascular tissue and they do not produce seeds. Instead of seeds, these plants reproduce by releasing spores.

34. Ferns • Most ferns have underground stems (rhizoids) in addition to roots. The leaves, or fronds, grow above ground.

35. Ferns reproduce with spores

36. Ferns Complex Life Cycles • Ferns have complex life cycles that include two different stages: the sporophyte stage and the gametophyte stage.

37. HORSETAILS • VASCULAR PLANTS • 30 SPECIES • SCOURING RUSHES IN COLONIAL TIMES • SMALL LEAVES LONG TALL HOLLOW STEMS

38. CLUB MOSSES…….PRINCESS PINES • SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS. • ALSO CALLED GROUND PINE OR PRINCESS PINE • LOOKS LIKE A SMALL BRANCH OF A PINE TREE.

39. Section 10.3: The Characteristics of Seed Plants • What characteristics do seed plants share? • How do seeds become new plants?

40. What Is a Seed Plant? • The stems of vascular plants contain bundles of phloem and xylem. In addition, thick cell walls and vascular tissue help support the plant.

41. PARTS OF A SEED • AN EMBRYO (THE BABY PLANT). • SEED COAT (SKIN OF SEED). • COTYLEDONS (STORED FOOD FOR BABY PLANT).

42. SEED DISPERSAL • HITCHING A RIDE • WATER (COCONUTS) • WIND • ANIMALS

43. How Seeds Become New Plants • A seed has three main parts–an embryo, stored food, and a seed coat. If a seed lands in an area where conditions are favorable, the plant sprouts out of the seed and begins to grow.

44. GERMINATION • BEGINS WHEN THE SEED ABSORBS WATER FROM THE ENVIRONMENT AND STARTS TO SPROUT AND GROW

45. Section 10.4: Roots, Stems, and Leaves • What are the main function of roots, • stems, and • leaves?

46. Root Structure • A root’s structure is adapted for absorbing water and minerals from the soil.

47. Stems • The stem produces branches, leaves, and flowers. It carries substances between the plant’s roots and leaves, and provides support for the plant.

48. Stems • Trees have woody stems. A typical woody stem is made up of many layers. The layers of xylem form annual rings that can reveal the age of the tree and the growing conditions it has experienced.

49. Leaves • UPPER AND LOWER LAYERS =EPIDERMIS • IN MIDDLE OF LEAF VEINS OF XYLEM AND PHLOEM • PORES ON UNDERSIDE OF LEAF= STOMATA • .

50. Section 10.5: Reproduction in Seed Plants • What are the characteristics of gymnosperms and how do they reproduce? • What are the characteristics of angiosperms? • How do angiosperms reproduce? • What are the two types of angiosperms?