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As technology advances, semiconductor computing faces significant challenges including performance limitations, power constraints, and reliability issues. Trends indicate increasing speed variability and interconnect delays which hinder clock frequency improvements. The growing complexity of microprocessors, memory systems, and intelligent RAM further complicates design considerations. This discussion explores the impacts of feature sets, reconfigurability, and the balance between performance and cost in the context of modern semiconductor technologies.
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Semiconductor computing platform challenges S/W inertia O/S limitations reliability feature set performance security accelerators power cost Reconfigurability Microprocessors Mem. Latency/Bandwidth Power Constraints Intelligent RAM DSP/ASIP wire load fab cost leakage process variation billion transistors
Powerful trends • Technology trends • Increasing speed, power variability of transistors limit clock frequency increase • Increasing interconnect delay and shrinking clock domains limit the size of individual computing engines. 1.4 10000 Interconnect RC Delay 1.3 30% 1000 Clock Period 1.2 Normalized Frequency 130nm 100 Delay (ps) Copper Interconnect 1.1 10 5X RC delay of 1mm interconnect 1.0 0.9 1 1 2 3 4 5 Normalized Leakage (Isb) 350 250 180 130 90 65 Source: Shekhar Borkar, Intel
