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Introduction to Computer Hardware and Operating Systems: Key Concepts and Components

This educational PowerPoint template provides an overview of essential computer hardware and operating systems. Learn about the generations of computers, the fundamental concepts of binary numbers, and the different components such as CPU, RAM, and I/O processors. It also covers storage amounts, the purpose of operating systems, and an introduction to various machine types including desktops and supercomputers. Ideal for beginners, this template engages students with foundational knowledge necessary for understanding modern computing.

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Introduction to Computer Hardware and Operating Systems: Key Concepts and Components

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Hardware and Operating Systems CSCI 101 Free Powerpoint Templates

  2. REVIEW • What’s a Computer? • Who is Pascal? • Transistors were used in Which Generation of Computers? • What else do you remember from last class?

  3. Binary: • To computers, everything is a number. • Since a computer is really just millions of tiny switches, all a computer understands is off and on, which we represent with 0s and 1s. • Binary Numbers • 00000001 = 1 • 00000010 = 2 • 00000011 = 3 • ... • 10000001 = 65 • ... • 11111111 = 255

  4. Storage Amounts: Bit = 0 or 1 Byte = 8 bits Kilobyte (KB) = 210 bytes = about one thousand bytes Megabyte (MB) = 220 bytes = about one million bytes Gigabyte (GB) = 230 bytes = about one billion bytes Terabyte (TB) = 240 bytes = about one trillion bytes

  5. Storage Amounts: 1GB ≈ 250 songs 1GB ≈ 250,000 typed pages In 1995, 1GB cost $15,000 Today, 16GB SD Card for $5.99 at Newegg.com

  6. Computer Parts: • CPU - central processing unit • the brains of the system • can only perform simple operations like add two numbers, or compare two numbers • Main Memory / RAM • holds all data and instructions for all the programs you are running • Input/Output Processors • they talk to the other parts such as the USB ports, the disk drive, etc. • Bus • the shared communication channel for all the components • Motherboard • holds the CPU and memory

  7. Internal Diagram Internal Memory / RAM (instructions and data) B U S CPU ROM Disk Drive IOP IOP IOP IOP USB Port

  8. Hardware Terms: • Embedded Computer • Machine Types: • Tablet • SmartPhone • PC • Laptop • Workstation • Desktop • Server • Supercomputer • Cache Memory

  9. Operating Systems: • Purpose = control the hardware • access to the CPU • internal memory management • file storage on disks • etc • Discussion: • Microsoft Windows vs Mac and Linux

  10. Mobile Operating Systems: • Discussion: • Android, Apple, RIM, Microsoft, Symbian

  11. Homework • Watch the entire Randy Pausch Time Management video found at • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTugjssqOT0 • Write 2-3 pages on up to 3 things that you can start doing today, using technology, to improve your time management skills. • Email the paper to me at roudaj@winthrop.edu no later than the start of our next class.

  12. Next Class • How the Internet Works • Who owns it? • How do you create a new domain name? • What is a "domain name"? • How does it work? • What can it do?

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